Okonkwo :: essays research papers

Okonkwo          My name is Okonkwo a clan leader in Umuofia. I had a insensitive childhood due to my arrive Unoka, which has driven me to succeed. Due to my hardwork in war i earned a high position in my clan, and Im still suitable to support my three wives and their children. My character in this novel is superior, I get angry at times and Im not afraid of violence, but yet i have unmanly emotions for Ikemefuna and Ezinma, and i will do anything to not end up like my father Unoka.     Unoka and i dont get along with each other. Unoka is purposeless and could c be less about wut I want in life. I have been ashamed of my father since I was a little boy, because of what my clan thinks is cowardness. My emotions for Ikemufuna and Ezinma which are unmanly conflict with my manly emotions as a superior leader. My oldest son Nwoye i believe is very weak and lazy. I beat Nwoye on a daily basis hopin it will turn him into a man . Nwoye begins to develop into being more masculine influenced by Ikemefuna which pleases me. I believe Nwoye has the same weakness that my father Unoka possessed.     My problem is that I am afraid of looking like my weak father Unoka. Due to his behavior it forces me to act like a fool and mould a whole lot of trouble upom myself and the rest of the poeple in my family. I was not able to change when I went to go live with the Umuofians and could not align to their living style. So i realized that i have become a bad person and not able change with society.     I beleive I okonkwo will have to change due to the changing in society and the diverse cultures there are. Not everyone can go about the same rules and

The Two Worlds in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening :: Stopping Woods Snowy Evening

The Two Worlds in Stopping by Woods Stopping by Woods    The visible sign of the poets preoccupation is the recurrent image of blue(a) woods and trees. The world of the woods, a world offering perfect quiet and solitude, exists side by side with the realization that there is also another world, a world of people and social obligations. Both worlds have claims on the poet. He stops by woods on this darkest evening of the year to watch them replete up with snow, and lingers so long that his little horse shakes his harness bells to ask if there is some mistake. The poet is put in mind of the promises he has to keep, of the miles he compose must travel. We are not told, however, that the call of social responsibility proves stronger than the attraction of the woods, which are lovely as well as dark and deep the poet and his horse have not moved on at the poems end. The dichotomy of the poets obligations both to the woods and to a world of promises--the latter filtering l ike a barely perceive echo through the almost hypnotic state induced by the woods and falling snow-is what gives this poem its singular interest.... The artfulness of Stopping by Woods consists in the way the two worlds are established and balanced. The poet is aware that the woods by which he is stopping belong to someone in the village they are possess by the world of men. But at the same time they are his, the poets woods, too, by virtue of what they mean to him in terms of emotion and private signification. What appears to be simple is shown to be not really simple, what appears to be innocent not really innocent.... The poet is fascinated and lulled by the empty wastes of white and black. The repetition of sleep in the final two lines suggests that he may succumb to the influences that are at work. There is no reason to suppose that these influences are benignant. It is, after all, the darkest evening of the year, and the poet is but between the woods and frozen lake.

Essay --

Child labor is the employment of children, but not all cast done by children should be classified as child labor that should be eliminated. Childrens participation in work that does not affect their wellness and personal development or interfere with their schooling is generally regarded as being something positive. The term child labor is defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their competency to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.Imagine you and I with such limited opportunities. Imagine if children like us did not drive in the joys of school life but rather the life of hard physical labor. Imagine if we had to struggle miles for water, work several hours a day to earn a few scraps of food that kept us barely alive. Unimaginable, yet the life of 215 million kids around the world today child laborers. Children are meshed in the worst forms of child labor, many of them in agricult ure. They use potentially dangerous machinery and tools, carry heavy loads, work long hours in extreme alter a...

Anti-Crime Programs Essay -- essays research papers

The basis of our justice system has learned to treat criminals with punishing sentences to jail. The problem is, our jails be beyond their intended capacity. This has forced our mood of justice to shift from jail sentencing to more help type programs. This has paved the road for Anti-crime legislation and other help programs. These programs were created for people with a wide novelty of problems. However, I am going to concentrate on sex crimes and violent crimes programs and laws.A sex crime program that attacks the core of child pornography is the programs ACPO (Anti-Child crock Organization). This program was set up to rid the Internet of loose links. By loose links, meaning the links that transfer an online user to a site that they be not looking for. For example, if you typed in car, and were sent to a pornographic site, that would classify as a loose link. The people who conclude these sites down are called net nannies. They surf the web looking for sites where average w ords will send the link to a pornographic site. This is especially aimed at the types of words persons jr. than 18 would look for. This program has been extremely effective because it attacks the source of the problem. Once the net nannies find a site that violates this conduct they contact the site provider, and shut it down. This penalty may be harsh, but the web providers know the rules, and if they violate those rules they should be shut down....

Coursework On Hard Times :: English Literature

Coursework On exhausting TimesTitle How does Dickens present the nurture system in unsaid Times?How does this reflect life in Coketown?Hard Times reveals Dickens increased interest in class issues andsocial observations. Dickens was extremely concerned with the paltry lives of the poor and working classes in the England of hisday, and Hard Times is one of several of his novels that address thesesocial problems directly. On hearing the name, Hard times, animagination of the great unwashed tone ending through a difficult and hard way of lifeis revealed. This novel also reminds us of the hard times in theVictorian Times when children did not go to school when education wasvaried according to social class- factory like schools for the poorand private tutors for the rich. Those that were able to have theso-called education suffered in the process. They were forced to learna lot by heart because e rattlingthing was formal and mechanical. They wereput through a factory-like process, hop ing to produce children thatwere possessed of nothing but facts. not even a sense of fancy andimagination. They were educated to get the basics of life because theywere going to be pushed into the outside world at a very young age of12 and above or even below. At the end of the day, the education wasworthless because most of the children died in the workhouse.Dickens used Hard Times to criticise the society for failing so manyof its children. Dickens argues against a mode of factory style,grad-grinding production that exterminates the fun out of life. Hebelieves that education should not be a thing of going through volumesof head-breaking questions and being put through an immense variety ofpaces. Hard Times not scarce suggests that fancy is as important asfact, but it continually calls into question the difference betweenfact and fancy. Dickens suggests that what constitutes so-called factis a proceeds of perspective or opinion.The lack of education for children and factory like process ofeducation has resulted to vast piles of building full of windowswhere there was a rattling and a trembling all day long in Coketown.Coketown is portrayed in Hard Times as an industrial town withpolluted atmosphere and place where people have the same lifestyle.Metaphorically, Coketown means carbon town. In science the word cokeis another name for carbon. Dickens has described it asa town of machinery and marvelous chimney, out of which interminableserpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never gotuncoiled.In the above quote, the word smoke is the carbon produced from the

Coursework On Hard Times :: English Literature

Coursework On enceinte TimesTitle How does Dickens present the statement system in Hard Times?How does this reflect life in Coketown?Hard Times reveals Dickens increased interest in class issues andsocial observations. Dickens was extremely concerned with themiserable lives of the poor and working classes in the England of hisday, and Hard Times is one of s ever soal of his novels that address thesesocial problems directly. On hearing the name, Hard times, animagination of people going through a difficult and effortful way of lifeis revealed. This novel also reminds us of the hard times in theVictorian Times when children did not go to school when education was change according to social class- factory like schools for the poorand private tutors for the rich. Those that were able to have theso-called education suffered in the process. They were forced to learna visual sense by heart because every thing was formal and mechanical. They wereput through a factory-like process, hoping to produce children thatwere possessed of nothing but facts. Not even a sense of ascertain andimagination. They were educated to get the basics of life because theywere going to be pushed into the outside world at a very young age of12 and to a higher place or even below. At the end of the day, the education wasworthless because most of the children died in the workhouse.Dickens used Hard Times to criticise the society for failing so manyof its children. Dickens argues against a mode of factory style,grad-grinding production that exterminates the fun out of life. Hebelieves that education should not be a thing of going through volumesof head-breaking questions and being put through an immense variety ofpaces. Hard Times not only suggests that fancy is as important asfact, but it continually calls into question the difference betweenfact and fancy. Dickens suggests that what constitutes so-called factis a matter of perspective or opinion.The lack of education for children and fac tory like process ofeducation has resulted to vast piles of building full of windowswhere there was a rattling and a trembling all day long in Coketown.Coketown is portrayed in Hard Times as an industrial town withpolluted atmosphere and place where people have the same lifestyle.Metaphorically, Coketown means century town. In science the word cokeis another name for carbon. Dickens has described it asa town of machinery and tall chimney, out of which interminableserpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never gotuncoiled.In the above quote, the word smoke is the carbon produced from the

Possible that one can fulfill the responsibilities of a professional role while lacking personal integrity

Turn on hit highlight for speaking browsers by selecting the Enter button Show highlighting Abstract (summary) Transcendentalist One of the basic tenets of the CPA profession is to serve the commonplace interest. Working with the Winchester County Association and the Business Council of Winchester, it took weeks for the task force of about 20 Caps to visualise budget hearings and various meetings, well as to pore over the proposed budget. Caps have much to offer working n concert with local governments.Fiscal responsibility is a sh atomic number 18d responsibility among all Interested parties the public, the business community, the private sector, and the government. The difference between a tenuous budget situation and a more changeless financial environment could very well be the participation of Caps. As a member of the public, and til now more so as a CPA, it is his bargain to get involved. Full text Translated text Turn on search term navigation One of the basic tenets of t he CPA profession Is to serve the public Interest.So as New York State struggles with its fiscal woes along with at least 35 other states that needed to close budget shortfalls as of press sequence who better than Caps to try to help at the local level to reduce the budgetary burden on the taxpayer? This is exactly what happened in Westchester County. Members of the Naysayers Westchester Chapter volunteered to review Westchester County $1. 8 angiotensin converting enzyme thousand thousand budget and offer insight on how the county could reduce a proposed 4. 9% Increase In taxes.Working with the Westchester County Association and the Business Council of Westchester, It kook weeks for thetas force of about 20 Caps to attend budget hearings and various meetings, as well as to pore over the proposed budget. The project was done pro bono, with each of the volunteers dedicating between five and 10 hours to producing an analysis of the budget. The upshot? The county government formall y adopted the $1. 8 billion budget, but county taxes Increased by 2. 9% Instead of 4. 9%. Did Caps Involvement In the dialogue have an Impact? Id Like to think so.This particular case wasnt about setting policy it was about setting precedent. As the New York times noted (Jennifer Stealthier, New Year but No Relief for Strapped States, January 5, 2010), state budgets all across discounter are being prepared with the knowledge that the national stimulus money that was available last year and kept many states proverbial heads above water is now gone. The tide is rising again. Caps as set out of the Process responsibility is a shared responsibility among all interested parties the public, the business community, the private sector, and the government.Difference between a tenuous budget situation and a more table financial environment could very well be depreciations of Caps. The reality Ls that even Caps cant fix a local governments fiscal woes in one budget year. But you can star t now. Become a familiar face. Introduce yourself to your local elected and government officials. As a member of the public, and even more so, as a CPA, it is your obligation to get involved. Every government needs a watchdog, including local governments. Watchdogs are not adversarial bulldogs, but theyre not passive lapdogs, either.With newspapers laying off Journalists by the thousands, taxpayers are in dire need of financial watchdogs who can help them make sense of the governments numbers. This isnt an indictment of the budgeting process performed by our local governments. This is about governments and Caps working together. Caps are the trusted advisors to businesses that range from the comer newsstand to global corporations. And while businesses are a different animal from governments, there are certainly some similarities, which means that Caps can lend their expertise in an advisory capacity.The federal government, and most states, are in a budgetary crisis. elect and gove rnmental officials are being forced to choose between raising taxes and cutting services. They should have more options. And perhaps they would have those options if more citizens were involved in the budgetary process especially Caps. Sidebar Who better than CRASS to try to help at the local level to reduce the budgetary burden on the taxpayer?

Classroom Management Plan

I believe Classroom Management is the key component in any educational setting. I believe that if students be in a guard surround, then learning can take place. This doesnt necessarily mean punishing behavior problems solely rather a combination of setting the bank bill in a class, preventing behavior problems with interesting and engaging curriculums and effectively including all told students in the classroom so that their exigencys ar met. Having the right environment for all students to learn is my major goal of implementing good classroom managementwithout it the students would not be able to learn.Outside of their parents, the teacher is the attached adult figure with the about(predicate) influence in their lives. I must(prenominal) take every student under my wing and guide them through the year. In order to do that, the environment of the classroom I create pull up stakes comprise of me taking a sincere interest in students and suppose them as unique individuals. I allow be notice if they play any sports, or participate in any clubs and connect with them at that level. I will also build steadfast relationships that inspire and encourage students to be confident with whom they are.Every single student in my classroom will be recognise for the diversity they bring to the friendship and I will never allow them to think they are less significant than someone else. I wish a community classroom that is merged with independence, encouragement, an open-mind, and student cooperation. Cooperation and communication are vital in establishing a classroom because it considerably limits negative situations. As a teacher, I will set guidelines the classroom.In addition to establishing guidelines, I also believe it is important to know my students as individuals. Getting to know them, listening about their interests, attention their award ceremonies, this establishes a mutual respect and trust that transcends into the classroom. When my students vie w me as a teacher who has a vested interest in them, they are less liable(predicate) to display negative behaviors in the classroom. As a teacher I believe that it is my responsibility to provide each student with the optimal learning environment in which to thrive academically.Establishing and maintaining a positive classroom climate based on mutual respect and responsibility not only fosters academic growth, but also provides a footing for minimizing negative behaviors. By creating this environment, serious discipline issues, as well as minor issues, are often prevented, allowing growth to be the primary focus, not discipline. The freshman step is to ensure that children understand what is expected of them. Teachers should model expectations. For example, when children are worked with fairness and respect, they will react in kind. whence adults in the classroom must model a positive, caring attitude. Because children learn differently, it is important to employ various strateg ies for helping a child learn how to suitably behave in the classroom. philosophic Statement In order for me to succeed as their teacher, I must be consistent and reliable. Students can expect me to treat them the way I want to be treated. I have learned it is important to hold myself to high standards and I hope my students will return the favor.Responsibility, respect, honor, and equivalence are four detail qualities I value and I anticipate my students will see me display these traits and model after them. I want zipper more and expect nought less than to see young minds grow and mature into exceptional individuals who succeed in and out of the classroom. In addition to a structured environment, children also need a caring environment in which they feel preventative to make mistakes and to learn. Though I believe that the classroom is a serious place for learning, thither are also many a(prenominal) opportunities for play and for silliness.I want my students to feel comfo rtable in the classroom, and to know that I am always approachable. Bringing in songs and costumes and participating in activities with my students will allow them to see that I not only care about their learning, but I also care about enjoying time with them. My assumptions about young people are that their peers and the media pull them in many directions. When I look around, I see so many advertisements, TV shows, shopping stores, and people trying to get the attention of our children.They flash pretty pictures and sound off hip music to ramble our children in, and convince them that they need to be cool by either buying something or having something in their possession. The young people today also seem to be more mature than in the past, but this maturity also brings about much confusion and anxiety. Young people are looking for a safe haven and refuge from the many mixed messages that are being sent to them. For many young people, their home environments are unstable, which lea ds to more confusion.Classroom Management designI believe Classroom Management is the key component in any educational setting. I believe that if students are in a safe environment, then learning can take place. This doesnt necessarily mean punishing behavior problems but rather a combination of setting the tone in a class, preventing behavior problems with interesting and engaging curriculums and effectively including all students in the classroom so that their needs are met. Having the right environment for all students to learn is my major goal of implementing good classroom managementwithout it the students would not be able to learn.Outside of their parents, the teacher is the next adult figure with the most influence in their lives. I must take every student under my wing and guide them through the year. In order to do that, the environment of the classroom I create will comprise of me taking a sincere interest in students and see them as unique individuals. I will be notice if they play any sports, or participate in any clubs and connect with them at that level. I will also build lasting relationships that inspire and encourage students to be confident with whom they are.Every single student in my classroom will be recognized for the diversity they bring to the community and I will never allow them to think they are less significant than someone else. I want a community classroom that is structured with independence, encouragement, an open-mind, and student cooperation. Cooperation and communication are vital in establishing a classroom because it considerably limits negative situations. As a teacher, I will set guidelines the classroom.In addition to establishing guidelines, I also believe it is important to know my students as individuals. Getting to know them, listening about their interests, attending their award ceremonies, this establishes a mutual respect and trust that transcends into the classroom. When my students view me as a teacher who has a vested interest in them, they are less likely to display negative behaviors in the classroom. As a teacher I believe that it is my responsibility to provide each student with the optimal learning environment in which to thrive academically.Establishing and maintaining a positive classroom climate based on mutual respect and responsibility not only fosters academic growth, but also provides a foundation for minimizing negative behaviors. By creating this environment, serious discipline issues, as well as minor issues, are often prevented, allowing growth to be the primary focus, not discipline. The first step is to ensure that children understand what is expected of them. Teachers should model expectations. For example, when children are treated with fairness and respect, they will react in kind.Therefore adults in the classroom must model a positive, caring attitude. Because children learn differently, it is important to employ various strategies for helping a child learn how to appropriately behave in the classroom. Philosophical Statement In order for me to succeed as their teacher, I must be consistent and reliable. Students can expect me to treat them the way I want to be treated. I have learned it is important to hold myself to high standards and I hope my students will return the favor.Responsibility, respect, honor, and equality are four specific qualities I value and I anticipate my students will see me display these traits and model after them. I want nothing more and expect nothing less than to see young minds grow and mature into exceptional individuals who succeed in and out of the classroom. In addition to a structured environment, children also need a caring environment in which they feel safe to make mistakes and to learn. Though I believe that the classroom is a serious place for learning, there are also many opportunities for play and for silliness.I want my students to feel comfortable in the classroom, and to know that I am always approac hable. Bringing in songs and costumes and participating in activities with my students will allow them to see that I not only care about their learning, but I also care about enjoying time with them. My assumptions about young people are that their peers and the media pull them in many directions. When I look around, I see so many advertisements, TV shows, shopping stores, and people trying to get the attention of our children.They flash pretty pictures and sound off hip music to draw our children in, and convince them that they need to be cool by either buying something or having something in their possession. The young people today also seem to be more mature than in the past, but this maturity also brings about much confusion and anxiety. Young people are looking for a safe haven and refuge from the many mixed messages that are being sent to them. For many young people, their home environments are unstable, which leads to more confusion.

My Career in Psychology Essay

As I was doing the MBTI test, I was thinking about my line of achievement goal, and I was hoping, the results gave more motivation to keep studying Psychology. At first, some of the head didnt make sense to me because they were repeat it, but when I was done with test I started to review the answer sheet and every single that was asked do sense. When I finished reviewing my score my results came to ESFJ.ESFJ fits perfect with me because I love to work with people I have always felt that Im attached to everyone around me and I have to value that connection. Im hoping to continue to work with people after I accomplish my goal of becoming a therapist or a counselor. As an ESFJ, your method of living is to focus externally, where you deal with things according to how you feel about them, or how they fit in with your face-to-face value system. The secondary method is internal, where you take things n via your five senses in a literal, concrete fashion.ESFJ is consider to be the careg iver and therefore, people has the options to choose for their career like nursing, teaching, child care, family practice physician, counselors/ social worker, and etc Like, I have mentioned before I want to be a therapist/counselor and work with the raw population. I wan to give back to my community by teaching others that nothing is impossible. I will guide others by example. When I got pregnant at the age of fifteen, people thought that it was going to be end for me. My family used to tell me that I was not going to finish high school or college, and I have proved that they wrong.I received my high school diploma, and I achieved two associates degree one in Accounting and one in Liberal arts. Through my experiences, I feel more light-sensitive around other people. I consider myself a caring person who always localize others first, and I leave myself last. Im very please with my MBTI result, and I have no disagreement or question. Now, I know that being sensitive is not a bad t hing or weakness. Being sensitive to other is quality because it makes me understand others. ESFJ will keep me motivated to achieve my important goal of becoming a therapist later in my life.

Aapl Valuation Fcff Essay

Our modern economy relies upon the technology sector to improve quality, productivity, and profitability. apples first computer was developed around the 1970s. Since thus they have surpass unrivalled of its biggest competitors Microsoft (MFST). apple is not only known for its great designs, fun, and intuitive products. Their products have been productive and created a vast profitability for the mysterious sector. Furthermore, there is no stopping point for Apple, it will continue to grow and generate wealth. There have been various events since Apple went public that have generated game returns due to the volatility of the chaining computer industry.Therefore, I believe Apple is in high yield stage, due to the many new innovations that have came out and ar about to come out such as the Iph atomic number 53 5, new Ipad Mini, and a new line of Mac computes due out in 2013. Data To assess Apples stock, I have chosen to use the Free Cash Flow for the Firm model (FCFF). This mode l is a beat of the fiscal performance of a alliance that articulates the cash generated from the firm, which is then subtracted by the firms expenses, taxes, Net Working Capital, Depreciation, and Capital Expenditures.In essence, this formula is a measurement of the companys profitability after all expenses and reinvestments. The data that I have collected to provide a future evaluation of Apples stock is as stated. The data began at the end of 2011 and is all expressed as millions. CAPEX was $11,768, Depreciation was $3,991, EBIT was $33,790, NWC was $17,018, total liabilities were $39,756, the number of shares outstanding were 937. 4, and the parameters given(p) for the High growth and Low growth were Tax rate as 34%, Treasury bills were 2. %, Market Risk-Premium was 4%, and the high growth period is for 8 years therefore, from 2012 to 2019 Apple is under high growth at 5. 5% and for 2020 apple stabilizes at 3%. Moreover, the bounds that were provided for high growth were as st ated. The Debt-Equity ratio was 40%, which is apply to find the weight of debt (Wd) and weight of equity (We). Lastly, the cost of debt (Kd) given is 4. 75% and the current Beta was set uped through Scottrade and was . 86. However, for stable growth the data differed.Such as the Beta, which was 4/5 of the high growth Beta, Debt-Equity ratio is 25%, and the cost of debt (Kd) is 4. 25%. All in all, the FCFF model will provide the intrinsic look upon of the firm and of the stock therefore, it will be compared to the current market price of the stock. Results The projections, along with the formulas used, for the evaluation of Apple s stock can be found in the Excel worksheet provided. First, I will go over the results for the high growth phase. For instance using the Debt-Equity ratio, the weights for debt and equity were 28% and 71%.Since the ratio was given and not a percentage expressed as weight, Wd+We=1 was used to find the weights. These weights are realistic in terms that App le does contain likewise much L. T. debt. From there the CAPM model was used to solve for the (Ke), which was 5. 94%. Also, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) was founded using the above constraints. This was 5. 14%, which states that Apple does not require a high rate of return for future mergers or expansions. This also provides the interests that Apple has to pay for every dollar it finances.Lastly, by using one of the major valuation models, such as the DCF, the Present Value, which identifies the intrinsic value of the company, was founded for each high growth year. Second once Apple stabilized after year 2019, the prediction of growth is 3%, and Beta was projected to be . 96. Again, by using the boundaries stated above the (Ke), weight of equity/debt, and WACC were as trace 6. 34%, 80%, 20%, and 5. 63%. These numbers were somewhat similar to its high growth stage therefore, signifying Apple is still a strong company once it stabilizes.Yet, another reason why Apple c an provide such attractive returns. Conversely, finding the Terminal Value (Pt) of the company, which is the value of the company at a future year, projected the PV for stable growth, in this case it was 2020. The (Pt) was over $1 billion, yet again another reason why Apple creates a great investment opportunity. Moreover, by adding all of the PV, including the stable growth year, the intrinsic value of the firm is over $966 million and minus the current value of debt, Apple is still worth (value of equity) over $926 million.This equity divided the current number of shares outstanding Apples intrinsic value of stock is $988. 80 per share. By comparison the current stock price, which is $649. 79 per share, the stock value is undervalued. Likewise, making (AAPL) a rewarding opportunity that must not be taken for granted. coda With outstanding projections by Apple my recommended strategy is simple and involves options. Reason being is that orthodox investments do not provide great ret urns in a vapourisable market. Therefore, by evaluating apple now considering future parameters, trading Apple as an option will provide attractive returns.Since Apple growths rate is far great than its P/E ratio, its long-term trend will be positive therefore, making it an attractive somewhat safe bet. For instance, buy several calendar spreads at a strike below, at, and above the stock price. If (AAPL) moves between $10-$15 higher then sell the lowest strike spread, and replace it with a higher one around $4 to $6 more than the one sold. This should be reverse if the stock price falls in price. All in all, this is a workaday trade strategy, yet it has the potential to provide good returns since the day rate for the short weeks is greater than monthly decay rates.

Magnesium Oxide Chemistry Report Essay

In chemistry, compounds can be distinguished by using the verifiable formula. The formula provides the simplest corroboratory integer ratio of elements in a compound. The empirical formula is largely useful in determining the ratio of elements within ionic compounds where the structure is of a non-directional nature of bonding where either ion at any time could be surrounded by 4, 6, or 8 oppositely charged ions. This creates a descriptor of endlessly repeating lattice of ions they do non exist as a free unit of atoms but in crystal lattices with repeating ions in specific ratios which is why empirical formula is used as a form of identification for defining an ionic-bonded substance.Calculating the empirical formulaTo calculate the empirical formula for when two reactants undergoes a chemical reaction, the following 5 steps should be taken 1. Record the hoi polloi of all the elements present in a given compound. 2. Convert the pluralityes into bulwarks (dividing by atomic we ight in grams). 3. Then divide through by the smallest physical body of moles to get a ratio. 4. It the total game are not full-length quashs, multiply by a suitable small factor to get a whole number. 5. Finally, round off the numbers in the previous step if applicable to get the prime numbers which indicates the empirical formula. To demonstrate with a simple example The molecular formula of butane is C4H10, to a greater extentover as the ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms is 410 it can be reduced to the ratio of 25. We can see that it is the simplest ratio piece remaining as an integer. Butane can now be represented in empirical formula as C2H5.Regarding the Mole and its formulaThe mole is the quantity of a substance which contains as many elementary units (atoms, ions, molecules) as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 isotope. A mole of an element is the corporation in grams that is numerically liken to the atomic weight. Also, a mole of a compound is the sess in grams that is numerically equal to the molecular weight. In simpler wordsA mole of a substance is simply the atomic / molecular weight in grams. eg Amole of copper (atomic weight 63.6) is 63.6grams.Therefore in a diagramThe number of atoms or molecules in a mole of any substance is the Avogadro Constant which is 6.02 x . The molar mass is taken to be the proportional atomic mass of an element which is the average mass of atoms present in any naturally occurring element relative to the mass of one atom of carbon-12 isotope taken as exactly 12 which gives formula weight (sum of the atomic weights of the atomic species as given in the stated formula for the compound.) The quantitative stoichiometric relationships judicature mass and amount is used in the following taste regarding the burn reaction of milligram metal. magnesium is reacted with oxygen from air in a contained melting pot, and the pack before and after the oxidation is measured. The resulting spate a re used to calculate the experimental empirical formula of magnesium oxide, which is therefore compared to the theoretical empirical formula. A crucible and Bunsen burner pull up stakes be used to heat magnesium metal for burning.EquipmentAIMThe purpose of this experiment is to perform an experiment of the combustion of milligram and gather precise and accurate data of masses and olibanum find the number of moles of the substance through the stoichiometry mole equation in order to prize the empirical formula of milligram Oxide.METHOD1 The Bunsen burner was set up with the tripod. The pipe clay triangle was placed over the tripod, ensuring that it is secure. 2. The crucible containing the magnesium was positioned in the pipe clay triangle securely with the eyelid on. 3. The gas was turned on and the Bunsen burner ignited to a blue flame. 4. The crucible was shoot strongly for 5minutes until the bottom of the crucible glowed red over the blue flame to rid of contaminants. 5 . The flame was removed and to cool the crucible with lid.6. A piece of magnesium about 5 cm long was cut.7. The surface of the magnesium ribbon was thoroughly cleaned with steel wool and its appearance was recorded 8. The cooled crucible and lid was weighed(1st mass to 2dp) 9. The cleaned magnesium was coiled to fit inner the same crucible and covered with the same lid. 10. The crucible containing the magnesium with the lid on was weighed. (2nd mass to 2dp) 11. The crucible containing the magnesium was positioned without the lid onto the pipe triangle setup, ensuring its security. 12. The gas was turned on again and the Bunsen burner was ignited to a red flame (air hole fully open). 13. As the magnesium began to glow, the crucible was covered with its lid guardedly with pair of tongs. 14. Heat strongly for about 10 minutes lifting the lid a little VERY carefully occasionally to admit oxygen. 15. Keep heating and lifting the lid until ALL the magnesium turns into gray-white powd er or until no further reaction can be witnessed to contain complete reaction (for around 5 minutes) 16. Turn off the gas and allow the apparatus to cool.17. Weigh the completely cooled crucible containing magnesium oxide with the lid carefully. (3rd mass to 2dp)RISK ASSESSMENTWear safety glasses. It is important to admit eye protection during the combustion of milligram as the burning magnesium in the crucible produces a very b pay off light which emits a harmful intensity of UV light which can practice eye discomfort or damage. Do not inhale the smoke produced when Magnesium is burned. Magnesium Oxide smoke can cause irritation in the nose, eyes and lungs and in large amounts, may cause metal fume fever. Use tongs at all times when handling hot objects. Careful handling of hot equipment such as the crucible and its lid during the heating is important as the very high temperature can burn skin due to improper or insecure handling. Do not cool the crucible or lid under cold wat er immediately after heating. This can cause the equipment to crack and the shards may easily thrust the skin. If the crucible crack during the experiment, it is vital that the person discontinue any progress with the experiment and proceed to clean the rugged equipment away immediately and place into the broken glass bin.RESULTSMASSESBEFORE HEATINGAFTER HEATING press of Magnesium0.08gn/aMass of oxygenn/a0.05gMass of Magnesium Oxiden/a0.13gMass of crucible + lid24.36g24.31gTotal mas of Mg oxide in crucible + lidn/a24.44gTotal mass of crucible + lid + magnesium24.39gn/aPercent composition of Magnesium in compoundMass of Mg in 1 mole/ Mass of MgO in 1 mole% composition of atomic number 8 in compoundUpon observation, the 5cm Magnesium ribbon had a slightly greasy texture and a brittle and coarse surface. It had a hazy, dark metallic sheen to its appearance. After polishing its surface front and back thoroughly with steel wool, there was a change in its appearance. It had a shiny and glossy silver lustre with a smooth clean surface, no longer feeling waxy. The steel wools purpose was to remove the oxide layer of carbonate and sulphate which has coated the Magnesium ribbons surface due to its slow oxidation in air with CO2 and SO2 and other possible contaminants (which may have caused the strip to feel greasy). The oxide coating on the Magnesium would have made the ribbon more resilient to ignite immediately and thus hinder the combustionof the metal and prolong the time it takes for the metal to fully combust. The procedure of rubbing Magnesiums surface with steel wool was beneficial in order to expose fresh Magnesium to facilitate the contact of the ribbon with the flame quicker and thus a faster complete combustion.The crucible and lid used had minimal surface stains on the outside however it was heavily contaminated with residual substances towards the inside base. By firing the equipment under a blue Bunsen flame thoroughly, it became apparent that any moist ure or volatile materials present are burned off by 5minutes to reveal a clean crucible free of stains or moisture. The purpose of firing the crucible at a high temperature was to chop-chop eradicate any stubborn chemicals which may have resisted cleaning by water, as well as any moisture the crucible may make water to provide a clean and dry equipment which can procure accuracy and validity of calculations of masses.In order to activate the reaction of Magnesium, a source of energy was needed. The flame provided a source of heat which prompted a chemical reaction to proceed. When the magnesium was supplied with energy in the crucible, it reacted with a limited quantity of oxygen by using the lid to prevent high exothermic energy (Magnesium would react vigorously if heated in the presence of unobstructed air flow) and the escape of any magnesium oxide during the combustion. It became oxidized to become an ionic compound Magnesium Oxide.After the experiment of combusting Magnesi um, the residue in the crucible is observed to be in a fine white powder form of Magnesium Oxide, an ionic compound. The exothermic reaction of combusting Magnesium produced a very bright light within the crucible due to the rapid heating of the Magnesium, where it quickly absorbs energy through ionisation. Magnesium ionises to become a cation while group O ionises to an anion, forming an ionic bond due to electrostatic forces.DATA ANALYSISIn this experiment, through the combustion reaction of Magnesium, a word equation forms amid Magnesium, type O and the ionic compound MagnesiumOxide. Magnesium + Oxygen Magnesium OxideWhen ignited, magnesium has reacted with oxygen to form the products Magnesium Oxide. By taking the mass of equipments used and its mass during and after the reaction, the mass of Magnesium, Oxygen and Magnesium Oxide can be calculated. The mass of the reactants should very closely or mirror the mass of products by Law of Conservation of Mass.COLLECTING MASSES(ma ss 1) Crucible + lid = 24.31g (weight after ridding of visible contaminants on crucible) (mass 2) Crucible + lid + magnesium = 24.39g (weight after polished magnesium is placed in fired crucible + lid) (mass 3) Crucible + lid + product = 24.44g (weight of reacted substance MgO in the crucible with lid) To calculate the mass of Magnesium metal = Mass 2 Mass1 = 24.39g 24.31g Mass of Magnesium = 0.08gTo calculate the Mass of Oxygen incorporated = Mass 3 Mass 2 (the increase in mass corresponds to the mass of oxygen) = 24.44g 24.39g Mass of Oxygen = 0.05gTo calculate the mass of oxide product make = Mass 3 Mass 1 (to validate through natural law of conservation of mass) = 24.44g 24.31 Mass of Magnesium Oxide = 0.13gNow that the mass of each substance which took variance in the reaction is found, the number of moles can be found through the relationship below. Number of Moles = Mass / Molar MassOrN =The number of Moles can be calculated by knowing the mass of individual substance s in the experiment divided by the molar mass (given on the biannual table as atomic mass number) to experimentally determine empirical formula for the ionic oxide.CONVERTING TO MOLESNumber of Moles of Magnesium N = 0.08g / 24.31g/mol= 0.00329082692 moles Number of Moles of Oxygen N = 0.05g/16x2g/mol (oxygen is doubled as it exists as a diatomic molecule) = 0.0015625 molesDIVIDE BY SMALLEST MOLE VALUEThe number of moles of Magnesium is larger than the number of moles of Oxygen 0. 00329(to5dp) moles 0.00156 (to5dp) molesBy dividing each by the smallest mole value of 0.00156 of Oxygen, Magnesium and Oxygen mole ratio is calculated respectively. Magnesium Mole ratioOxygen Mole ratio= 2.11(to2dp)= 1Multiply UNTIL WHOLEThe next step is to multiply any decimal numbers by a small whole number and do the same for the other whole number ratio until the decimal number reaches a near whole number (which can then be rounded up). Magnesium Mole ratio is in a decimal number of 2.11, and as it i s very close to 2(with 0.11 extra of being a whole number), the number 2.11 is round down to 2 so the process of multiplying until whole is omitted. We obtain the mole ratio as follows Magnesium Oxygen 2 1 With 2 moles of Magnesium reacting with 1 mole of Oxygen, this should suggest 2 moles of MgO after balancing the equation. 2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s) To confirm, the law of conservation of mass is applied which states that in a balanced equation, matter is conserved Total mass of reactants = Total mass of productsThus, by adding the mass on the left hand side (reactants), it should equal the right hand side (product). Magnesium + Oxygen = 0.08g + 0.05gMagnesium Oxide = 0.13g It is found that there is no difference in mass between the left side of 0.13g of Magnesium + Oxygen to the right side of 0.13g of Magnesium Oxide in the equation considering the possibility of experimental errors, which represents a positive outcome as an theoretical equation is naturalised and proved to be t rue. The empirical formula for Magnesium oxide is MgO, which is the correct formula and thus the aim of this experiment has been met.DISCUSSIONThe experiment demonstrated the ability for a substance to exist in the empirical formula composition as the simplest ratio of elements present in the compound. It also demonstrated quantitative stoichiometric relationships between the number of moles, mass and molar mass in a chemical reaction. The theoretical result for the combustion product of Magnesium and Oxide is MgO, which in comparison to the experiment result of MgO was proven to be the same. This experiment had demonstrated the basic chemical reaction and the change in states between elements in order to form a stable ionic compound. Through the ionic bond between a metal and a non-metal, Magnesium Oxide was the product of two reactive elements Magnesium and Oxygen. hypothetic laws of conservation of mass and constant composition, lead to the arrangement of a relationship between the reactants (Magnesium and Oxygen) and product (Magnesium Oxide). The total mass of the products of a reaction must equal the total mass of the reactants. (0.8+0.5 = 0.13) The coefficient of a substance indicated the amount of portions each substance existed in, based on the law of conservation of mass. (2 moles of Magnesium, 1 mole of Oxygen, and 2 moles of Magnesium Oxide).And lastly, the empirical formula of a compound gave the lowest whole-number ratio of the atoms that is the identical with the mass ratios measured by experiment. (MgO) Any portion of a compound will have the same ratio of masses as the elements in the compound. Metal and a non-metal reaction of 2 substances taking place Ionic bond of elementschanges in states and formation of a stable compound the construction of an unbalanced chemical equation - evaluation of masses of the reactants to products the law of conservation of mass/and constant composition -the masses of left sideequals right side provide moles t o balance the overall equation establish empirical formula for end product. 3 experimental errors that may have effect on resultMagnesium Oxide forms fumes which may escape the crucible when allowing a passage for oxygen to pass when the lid is lifted. Incomplete combustion of Magnesium (as no stirring rods was used to check/sift through the oxide to prevent calculation errors) Unthorough firing of crucible and lid (due to contact between tongs and crucible, certain areas may be missed) 3 improvements to method to improve resultsMonitor the reaction of Magnesium with oxygen carefully, and keep the lid in place on the crucible containing the magnesium instead of off in step 11. Heat the magnesium for five minutes longer, lightly rotating the crucible at its base to ensure complete combustion. Fire the crucible and the lid twice to ensure that its completely dry and clean.CONCLUSIONAn experiment was performed to calculate the empirical formula of magnesium oxide by comparing the masse s of solid magnesium metal to the magnesium oxide solid product in a crucible. The concept of stoichiometry mole equation leads to finding the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. One major finding during the experiment was that burning magnesium caused its mass to increase as it reacted to oxygen. The amount of mass increase is proportional and able to be calculated through weighing the mass of product Magnesium Oxide and subtracting the original Magnesium mass to calculate the mass of Oxygen which partook in the combustion.The Empirical formula had indicated the proportion of Magnesium to oxygen (11) and identifies the compound to be Magnesium Oxide. The balance was very accurate in taking precise measurements of masses and the supervision of the experiment during the burning had been careful to prevent any loss of Magnesium Oxide mass to escape which in turn caused my mass results to apply to the law of conservation of mass without any experimental errors.

Social Media as Marketing Tools-a Case of Coca-Cola

Back ground of Coca-cola Coca-cola started in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886 by Dr. John Stith Pemberton. He was a local anaesthetic Pharmacist. After producing Coca-cola syrup he carried it down to another pharmaceutical store on the street, where it was sampled and pronounced as exceptional. The sales of the drink called Coke thereafter, began. It was not at first interchange as bottled drink rather it was sold from the fountain for five cents a glass. Carbonated water was later combined with the newly notice syrup to produce the drink known as coca-cola today.Coca-cola is known all oer the cognition domain for its unique taste which its competitors adjudge not been able to beat. Dr. Pemberton abetter _or_ abettor with a man called Frank M. Robinson-a bookkeeper- to create the gain Coca-cola. After considering the publicize aspect of the product, Robinson came up with the unique name known as Coca-cola today. Coca-cola was first denote in The Atlanta Journal, through wi th(predicate) the journal the citizens were invited to taste the new and popular fountain drink. While the product tasting were ongoing, series of advertising campaigns were in like manner put in place to aggressively promote the newly found drink.The people passing by were invited to try the drink with the hope of passing the heart and soul across after tasting. During the first year, the average sales of coca-cola rose to nine drinks per day. Dr. Pemberton never realized the future prospect of the drink he created therefore, he sold a portion of his business to different partners. In 1888 before his death, he sold the remaining part of Coca-cola to Asa G. Candler-An Atlanta business guru, who later proceeded to buy excess rights and completely took over the operation of Coca-cola (The chronicle of Coca-cola). Coca-cola injury imageCoca-cola is a leading name brand in the carbonated drink industry therefore the name plays a major role in the sales of the product. With a very str ong distribution channel that makes the products readily available everywhere in the institution and a unique brand image that places the product on the mind of it targets earshot so much that, Coca-cola becomes an addiction within some quarters. This background knowledge gives Coke the greater opportunity to service a larger geographical population in various capacities (Coca-cola market mix 83). Coca-Colas brand spirit reveals the positioning of its brand.Coca-cola strategicalally positi hotshotd it products in the mind of it targets group that they see the product as part of their daily lives and this strategic brand positioning often plays a major impact in taking end. The association between the brand and the consumers sometimes result in brand loyalty and invariably makes the purchasing decision easier for the consumers. Coca-cola packaging system rest one of their strengths in the market. Although the bottling of Coca-cola has undergone series of transformation all thr ough the years throughout the world but the brand remains consistent in its distinctive taste all over the world.In other words, the product remains the same both in taste and packaging globally (Coca-cola marketing mix 83). The age of well-disposed media marketing Social media marketing is the process or strategy of utilize kind media web situations like, facebook, twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, MySpace etc. to promote a company and its products. Over the years technology has brought about changes in the way we do business. The new age of technology has undoubtedly altered the ways about companies also conduct their business activities. This technology inclined age therefore, makes buying decision easier for the target market segment.Earlier before the advent of social media media outlet were confine to radio, TV and various print media, this made it easier for the advertiser to reach their mass audience using promotions through these available medium then. The media proliferati on gave birth to various media take which in piece have allowed consumers to have options when it comes to media usage as a result of modern invention. It is very germane to note at this point, that the media availability in truth have a sporadic impact on consumers behaviors. Such impact include Interactivity, Customization and Social interaction (Social marketing meet interactive media).The social media mesh topology has therefore, becomes so important that it is a must have for any company that wants to be relevant in the 21st century. It has contributed to the development and success of umpteen companies in various ways. The case of Coco-cola is not an exception among the companies who argon strategically using the social media marketing puppets to draw followers to their brands. According to Jack Yan, The purpose for brands in any social media approach must be to serve the organization both internally and externally He went further to state the nine goals of social media usage by a brand.Such goals include * Building a sense of membership or citizenship with the organization * Promoting conference and acceptance of the brand * Encourage the audience to engage in dialogue about the brand * Building positive brand association * Building brand awareness * Acting as a channel through which information about the brand can be obtained * Inform the consumers of the vision behind the brand * Help the organization to maintain a competitive ground * Act as a channel to know if the brand is been properly pass ond to the consumers and * Build a perceived quality of the brand (Social mesial in branding).Coca-cola effectively combines the above mentioned goals in its social media usage through the huge numbers of followers on its social medial page. Its continuous utilization of social medial marketing tools like Facebook, Twitter and Youtube, has undoubtedly given the company an insight into what the consumers are saying about its brand. Coca-cola facebook u tilization Facebook is one of the meteoric growing social networks with over 400 million users all over the world, it has both young and grownups as active users (Facebook challenges and opportunities for Business communications students).Coca-cola is one of the roughly popular brands on Facebook along with celebrity artiste icons like Lady Gaga, Rihana and Eminem. Coke has over forty-one million fans (www. facebook. com/cocacola). Coke is the 15ht most popular Facebook page (usatoday. com) On Facebook, Coca-cola has over 35 million likeaccording to Wendy Clark-Coke senior vice president of integrated Marketing, she sayshaving all the fans respond to reversal is meaningful. This is because such responses are apt(predicate) to generate more sales for the brand coke.She went further to lay emphasis on how such colossal responses from the fans on face book are to the emolument of coca-cola (usatoday. com). The nature of the social media networks site deliberately makes it possible to share information among the users. Facebook has a high utility growth and this allows sharing of information among all friends in one-place solution achievable (Too many Facebook Friends). More so, through its viral distribution of messages, Facebook allows target consumers to pass messages and ads to friends with ease.The online messaging allows comments to be passed on transmitted messages like ads (Viral advertising in social media). Coca-cola understands this behavior, therefore, it virally engaged its targets audience through series of information about its brand. Coca-cola twitter utilization Twitter was introduced in 2006 as a blogging site that permits users to share different kinds of messages online vial medium called tweets (Follow me Global Marketers Twitter use). Through these medium users are able to share messages and comments on various issues going on around them.Twitter has one hundred and sixty million users and send an upward of ninety million message everyda y (Twitter as a medium of message). Coca-cola has over five hundred and thirty thousand followers on twitter (Twitter, Inc). These followers are constantly engaging in various topics about the brand coca-cola on the webpage. Through the twitter page consumers are informed about any ongoing promotion and program of Coca-cola. Twitter also stands as one of the avenues through which the consumers get information about any new ads message concerning the brand.The twitter verse according to Clark, has a profound impact on how coke deal with consumers feedback. Coke monitors the questions posted on Twitter and answers them. Clark says twitter has brought changes to coke customer service approach. More staffs are now been put on twitters page to respond to the ongoing traffic demands of the twitter page (usatoday. com). Coca-cola YouTube utilization YouTube is a none-paid for social media website that enables users to upload their videos and share them through the internet (Peers or expert ? ). It was created in 2005 it has over a 100 million videos per day.This massive number account for 60% of all online videos. The nature of YouTube broadcasting allows the users to share their opinions online concerning the videos they have seen through rating (Social interaction and co-viewing with YouTube Blending Mass conversation). Coke employs the use of YouTube for advertising purpose through which the viewers can pass comments on their advert. The use of YouTube by Coca-cola gives the viewers the opportunity to view and pass comments on their ads. These commentaries generated helps coke in furthering their creativity when else they plan another advert.The reason has been that such commentaries are not immediately receivable under the traditional TV adverts. Though there are many other sites through which one can upload videos but coca-cola YouTube mesh topology gives better viewing opportunity in terms of marketing to the larger audience. A scene from an advertisement prov ided by coca-cola on YouTube publication of the brand The social media world has invariably changed the nature of the modern day business approach and it has so far brought so many challenges and success to those brands using them to promote their products at different stages.Coca-cola through the social media utility has been able to generate millions of followers and viewers all over the world. These viewers in turn promote the brand through their spending on Coca-cola brands. Coca-cola has over 2 billion people drinking coke globally. A success story that is linkable to its fanciful prowess and leveraging with social media network sites like Facebook, twitter and YouTube (Cokes social media success). Coca-cola through the usage of these media continues to build an empire of loyal followers.Coca-cola having reinforced these enormous followers does not just live them to communicate in isolation, rather the company strategically put a monitoring body in place that responds to the followers queries and provide immediate response. Wendy Clark in an address recognized that social listening is very important in social media it is necessary to communicate back to the followers. She saidforget about the like button. Its all about the share. Its the most important. She concluded by saying that some(prenominal) content the company has to create must be shareable.She shared the story of a man who through immediate response from the Coca-cola twitters team went ahead and purchased a Vitamin water drink-an extended brand of Coca-cola (Coca-cola VP Talks). A result oriented communication Connectivity Coca-cola through it social media connect various groups via online activities. This engagement gives the opportunity to the consumers to share their experiences about the products among themselves. It also allows Co-ca cola to have feedbacks on how the brand is doing in the market place.These feedbacks help in developing marketing strategies for the brand. From the ongoin g, it is certain(p) that Coca-cola social medial presence and engagement with its consumers has not only created awareness and loyalty for the brand it has also generated increase in sales for the brand through its huge cyber group followers. As a result of its involvement with its followers, the brand is able to connect globally with the consumers at various locations all over the world within a particular circle-the social network.It is therefore, very necessary within this paper to recognize the fact that, social media as a marketing tool plays a significant part in the brands ability to reach its target audience. References 1. The chronicle of Coca-cola Birth of a refreshing idea Retrieved on 05/02/2012, from http//www. thecoca-colacompany. com/heritage/chronicle_birth_refreshing_idea. html 2. Coca-cola marketing mix 83 Retrieved on 05/02/2012, from http//www. bilara. hubpage. com/hub/coca-cola-0 3. Coca-cola Fans page Retrieved on 05/03/2012 from http//www. facebook. com/cocaco la 4.Twitter, Inc (us) Retrieved on 05/03/2012 from http//www. coca-cola. com/en/index. html 5. Cokes media success makes a lot out of little Retrieved on 05/03/2012 from http//www. millwardbrown. com/global/blog/post/2011-12-19/coke-s-social-media-success-makes-a-lot-out-of-a-little. aspx 6. Coca-cola VP Talks about the keys to social media success Retrieved on 05/03/2012 from http//www. marketingpilgrim. com/2011/04/coca-cola-vp-talks-about-the-keys-to-social-media-success. html 7. Brandtzaeg, P. , Luders, M. , & Skjetene, J. (2010). Too many Facebook friends?Content sharing and sociability versus the Need for privacy in social Network sites. International Journal of Human-computer interaction, 06-, 26(11/12), 1006-1030. doi 10. 1080/10447318. 20010. 516719 8. Chu-chuan, C. (2011). Viral Advertising in social media Participation in facebook Group & Responses among college-Age users, Journal of Interactive Advertising, 12(10), 30-34 9. Decarie, C. (2010). Facebook Challeges & Oppor tunities for Business Communication Students. Business Communication Quarterly, 73(4), 449-452. doi 10. 1177/1080569910385383 10. Harisdakis, P. , & Hanson, G. 2009). Social Interaction and co-viewing with YouTube Blending Mass Communication Reception and Social Connection Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, (53(2), 317-335. doi 10. 1080/08838150908270 11. Hye-Jin P. , Hove, T. , Hyun Ju. , & Mikyyoung, K. (2011). Peer or expert?. International Journal of Advertising 30(1), 161-188. 12. Hill, R. P. , & Moran, N. (2011). Social marketing meets interactive media. International Journal of Advertising. 30(5), 815-838. doi. 10. 2501/IJA-30-5-815-838. 13. Kwon ES & Sung, Young Jun (2011), Follow me Global markers Twitter Use.Journal of Interactive Advertising, 12 (10), 4-16. 14. Savage, N. (2011). Twitter as medium and message communication of The ACM, 54(3), 18-20. doi 10. 1145. 1897860. 15. Yan, J. (2011). Social media in branding Fulfilling a need. Journal of Branding Managemen t, 18(9), 688-698. doi 10. 1057/bm. 2011. 19 Abstract The social media group is very relevant in the modern day marketing strategy, it is very crucial for any brand that wants to be successful in todays marketing operation to richly utilize the numerous advantages associated with this viral tool in marketing communications.This paper examines the results of, and the utilization of three social media tools by Coca-cola to connect, and create awareness among its target audience. The strategic use of these social media tools-Facebook, Twitter and YouTube eventually leads to more sales for Coca-cola brand. Table of contents Background history of Coca-cola-i Coca-cola brand image-ii The

Psychology, Theology and the Spiritual Life in Christian Counseling Essay

1. This paper is a book review that will vie with the above work by McMinn and the nature of Christian counsel in general. The work is a satisfying is designed to be easily read, and reads very quickly at the price of sophistication. Its ultimate purpose is maven of integration on wto levels first, the integration of the broken soul back into loving relationships, chiefly with divinity, who is a perfection of healing, and act, the immensely important integration of theology with the aims of counseling. Counseling with break God is a distant less difficult affair than Christian counseling.The secular proponent can be safely utilitarian, whatever helps heal the person might be tried or advocated. However, with Christian counseling, the idea of integration is realizedly important. Christians have a specific view of the personality that can non be ignored in counseling. These ideas on the human personality is ground around our inherent sinfulness and brokenness. (McMinn, 1996, 32). This is central, all of humanity is in need of counseling of some sort, hardly the final end of counseling, that of union with God in and by healthy relationships with other persons, provides far to a greater extent difficult challenges than the more utilitarian secularist.Furthermore, the idea of the integration of the ego out of its sinful (yet natural) drive to liberty (cf. 35-40ff) is a nonher specifically Christian idea when coupled with the important idea of Grace, the Grace that is, by its very function, a healing balm. Hence, the counselor must also know how to give way to grace, grace that is not in the adjudge of the counselor. The notion of the abuse of power so important to the chapter on Sinis precisely not realizing the point that the Christian counselor must act as a conduit of grace and not its dispenser. Thus, the counselor that does not realize this gap, the gap between the counselor and the will of God for the broken dupe has failed in his duty. Th e grace for the believer is always present, and Christian counseling must have a genius that his duty is to help the victim find it. The basic thesis of the book is sound from a theological and a psychological point of view the modern secular mentality stresses ego satisfaction and ones control over ones life. But this is little more than the institutionalization of original sin this is the problem, not the solution.This desire, natural to fallen man, to be self-sufficient is the root of all psychological problems. Hence, the work stops this fundamental insight through the various ideas that initiate in the process of counseling prayer, scripture, forgiveness, etc. Each concerns itself with manner of speaking the patient to a fuller sagaciousness of the nature of his alienation, both from others an from God. 2. In the section on prayer, I was struck by several things, things that I recall myself going through. I was always taken aback by the attacks on prayer by both mainline p sychological science and society at large why would one pray if God is all knowing?Of course this is not an easy question, and the church fathers dealt with it in some detail. I began to run into prayer as being of 2 kinds the intercessory prayer, or the literal meaning of prayer in the genius as to ask. This is not a part of Christian counseling to any great degree. But the second form of prayer, that of communion and oneness, is. The prayerful meditation of the ancient monks has healing properties even apart of belief. Prayer, as McMinn points out, reduces stress, creates a bond with the counselor, and places the problems of man in a theological context (66ff).The same might be tell for his section on Scripture is not Job an excellent case study for the Christian counselor? Is not David and his sins even better? (Cf. 100) It seems to me that the development of my own prayer life since being involved with counseling has more to do with dealing rather than asking. , In other wor ds, it seems to me that pure prayer is not rough(predicate) asking for things God knows what we need. Pure prayer is about dealing with that which God has given us in our own development. torment is no a bad thing with a prayerful attitude it permits us to reject the world and its comforts, and to seek our rest in God alone. Christians involved in counseling should avoid, as my experience has shown, treating prayer as a essence of masterting things. This can lead to disappointment and a belief that God is merely a great cosmic vending machine that exists to grant wishes. I recall my older view that prayer was about getting, instead of dealing. Prayer as a means of communing with God in the midst of suffering is both a very Christian idea as well as a powerful tool in counseling Christians.3. A major sleep together that arises from reading this book is the difficulty of the task. The author is writing for a popular audience, and hence, can not get into the deep psychology and t heology necessary to make his this work. Theology is the highest of the sciences, and this is because the understanding of Christ as intelligence gives both the efficient and final cause of creation, including our ideas. The Logos is the being of all things so far as they exemplify a cosmic reason, an interconnectedness that makes nature understandable and law-abiding.But our problem arises, both as Christians and as counselors, when we are forced to deal with the affects of the fall a nature that bears Gods dexterity (though not her person), but is only poorly reflected in our minds that have been darkened by sin. Christianity has been worried about this healing since St Gregory of Nyssa and Augustine, who have dealt with the church and the Christian life as primarily a psychological affair, an affair of the consciousness, but a consciousness whose own drives seek to obliterate God and his presence in the interests of self centeredness.The very nature of the book in question can not get into these issues except in tired examples. The book needs to build upon Christ as Logos before any serious psychology can be done. Putting this differently, the point is that Christ is to be found in the human mind in that it bears traces, fingerprints of the creator, but the creator as the Son, the image of the Father. The cosmic reason found in all things. This is an ontological problem, one that needs to inform all Christian psychology. Th reality is that this book is far too simple, far to easy and cannot gt to th heart of the matter.4. In terms of action, I want to take from McMinns section on Scripture. This is likely the most valuable part of the work, and Scripture, to evidence the least, is only seldom considered a bok of counseling or psychology. Yet, the scriptures are saturated with psychological insight. Hence, my action here is to begin bringing scriptural sources into counseling. Even with secular patients, the Bible, even if the patient does not necessaril y believe its divine origin, excuse contains many positive and negative examples for people to consider.The sins of David, including murder, are helpful is showing the example of repentance and the fact that a spiritual giant like David can be so flawed. I might say the same of Noah, after his drunkenness. God can forgive anything. The prophets such as Jeremiah or Amos were all persecuted for their beliefs and complete refusal to compromise. For people to be treated harshly because of their faith is something Christ explicitly mentions as the lot of the Christian scripture is about Gods presence amidst a world that does not recognize him, whether it be the establishment of Judah or the Jewish Pharisees.The Christian Will sufferthere is no getting out of that, it is built into the process of both living and counseling. Christ Himself is such an example. Therefore, in dealing with patients, the Scriptures will be the central component in counseling for the examples they contain examp les of righteous suffering, but suffering with a purpose. Suffering with a purpose is bearable, suffering for no reason is not,. There is not a major portend in the Scriptures that is not persecuted for one reason or another by a world that does not understand te godly life. For us as counselors, nothing can be more important, useable or inspiring.

Hasty Decisions in Romeo and Juliet Essay

The tragic tale of Romeo and Juliet hosts a superfluity of hastily made closes. As ill-fated as the two star-crossed lovers may have been, the root of solely their problems can be traced back to their rash decisions. The reason Romeo and Juliet meet in the first place is because Romeo and Benvolio finalise on a whim that they argon going to go to the Capulet fellowship to show Romeo that there are other beauties besides Rosaline. After this totally of the decisions of the characters are made on the spot, with little to no precaution going into them.Had the characters opinion their choices through a bit more thoroughly then perhaps they wouldnt have had to deal with the resulting t forcedy. These are but a few of the flawed choices that ultimately lead to Romeo and Juliets untimely demise. As mentioned the decision that caused the ignition of this ill-fated romance was when Romeo and Benvolio made the choice to go to the Capulet party. They read about it when reading the Capu let messengers letter and rashly decide to go to the party so as to benefactor Romeo get over Rosaline.The fact that they willingly decide to go to their enemys party to find women is abhorrent since they know the troubles that could ensue if they got caught. If they had put a little more thought into the consequences of such natural actions then maybe Romeo and Juliet would not have ended up in such a turbulent romance. Another poorly made decision was when after knowing each other for a single day Romeo and Juliet decide to get married. The amount of flaws in their logic whilst deciding upon this course of action is numerous.First, after such a short amount of time they hardly know each other, second, ahead making such a huge step for their futures it wouldve been wise to first see if they could do anything to help end their families feuding so that they wouldnt have to keep their love a secret. Their secret marriage unavoidably leads to many problems including that Juliets da d wants her to marry Paris. Since she is already married this idea throws her into a fit of rage and despair.This leads to another whirlwind of events that in the end forges the way to one of Romeo and Juliets final and greatest mistake. The last and rather possibly the biggest mistake that the lovers make is when they decide to take their own lives to be with each other. The reason this happens is collectable to even more hastily made decisions. The first event that leads to this tragic ending is when Friar Lawrence decides to turn in Juliet a potion to make her sleep for a day despite not having mentioned any f their plans to Romeo. The mendicant does send a letter but it gets delayed so Romeo has no idea that Juliets ending is a hoax. Instead of doing something rational Romeo then decides to purchase a vial of poison and kill himself at Juliets grave. At the grave Romeo ends up killing Paris and a few minutes onward Juliet is suppose to wake up takes the poison and dies. If Romeo had waited a little longer or tried to go to Friar Lawrence to see about what had happened this catastrophe could have been avoided.Shortly after Romeo dies Juliet wakes up and is stricken with impossible despair at his death. When the friar tries to get her to leave the tomb she finds a dagger and kills herself. Juliets decision to kill herself because she is unable to be with her lover in life is quite a brash and uncaring decision. After she woke up she could have left with the friar and tried to sort out her feelings first forwards making such a permanent decision, but instead her forthright nature gets the best of her and she ends up dead because of it.Romeo and Juliet perfectly depict that rash decisions lead to defective conclusions. In conclusion Romeo and Juliet can be more accurately described as a tale of hastily made decisions leading to piteous conclusions rather than the story of two star-crossed lovers who were destined to be kept apart. The key events that lead to their deaths are all caused by someone caught in the heat of the moment and not thinking clearly.From the decision to go to the Capulet party to all the events that contributed to their fast paced romance, perfunctory decisions have overshadowed them all. Through these choices the tragic flaws of Romeo and Juliet are revealed. It becomes apparent early on that Romeos tragic flaw is his impulsiveness and inability to control his love for Juliet. Juliets tragic flaw is her trueness towards Romeo which leads to her death when she is separated from him. Romeo and Juliet were the victimized by themselves, and ultimately it ends up leading to their untimely deaths.

Context in Frankenstein and Blade Runner Essay

The context of the term of writing is an built-in part of a texts composition and ideas. This notion is evident in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (1818) and Ridley Scotts 1982 science fiction film, Blade Runner. They both address ideas contemporary at the era, however argon both interconnected through a common questioning of what may happen if humans go about to play god. As a romanticist, Shelley condemns Frankensteins intrusive attempt to play the creator. Scott spurns mans unpitying ambition through a dystopian environment created through ruthless quest for profit by commercially dominant, greedy corporations. Both texts employ techniques such as allusion and characterisation to depict similar dystopian visions ensuing from mans dereliction of nature.Composed during the Industrial Revolution at a time of increased scientific experimentation, Shelley warns and forebodes her enlightened society of the consequences which come about from playing god. She uses Victor Frankenstein as h er platform, whose self-exalting occupancy many excellent natures would owe their being to me represents a society engrossed with reanimation. Recurring mythical allusions to Prometheus, how heavy is the acquirement of knowledge portray Victor as a tragic hero a overlord character whose fatal flaw of blind ambition ultimately results in his own downfall and dehumanization, swallowed up every habit of my nature. In addition, Victors impulsive rejection of his grotesque creation, leads to the Monsters rebellion (vowed eternal hated and vengeance to all mankind).Despite the mismatch in time and context, Scott also in integrateds similar elements of horror, but procures a man-made cataclysm that is a product of his own want to achieve commercial dominance. Unlike Shelleys moralistic warning, the flames in the opening scene highlight a dystopian world that has already reached an undesirable outcome. Revising Victors undermining of Gods prerogative, Scott conveys Tyrells capitalist fix ation through his mantra commerce is our goal. The composer reinforces this through multiple low angle calamus of Tyrells monolithic corporation, highlighting its command over its depressing urban surroundings. By doing so, Scott denounces the arrogance of corporate giants and their reckless disregard for the proletarians.Furthermore, Scotts consideration of a society engulfed within Cold-war paranoia of a potential atomic disaster is depicted through Tyrells violent death at the hands of his own creation, Batty. Here, Tyrells scream as Roy ruptures his myopia-riddled eyes, a metaphor of his blind ambition, creates an ambience of utmost horror as responders catch how mans hubristic desire to achieve utmost power results in his destruction. However, unlike Shelleys followup of heedless scientific pursuit, Scotts perspective has shifted to that of mans capitalist voracity and is a reflection upon the 20th centurys rapid expansion of multinational corporations.In comparison to Sh elleys discourse, Scotts manifestation of a plain, industrialised world is his suspicion that technological progression has already discerned mans divergence from nature. In the films opening sequence, Scott portrays his dystopian society through film-noir style of changeless darkness, where the superficial worlds only source of illumination is from the glow of man-made neon lights. Moreover, the composers representation of a world ravaged by technological expansion is symbolised through the absence of true fauna and their substitution with artificial fauna.However, in light of Shelleys embrace of sublime nature, Scott also conveys how the movement of nature can facilitate the hope of spiritual renewal proposing its entire restoration. The composer denotes this through his transient but vivid depiction of Deckards fleeting unicorn dream. Contrary to Shelley, however, Scotts depiction of nature within a subliminal dream is metaphorical of his belief that rapid technological innova tion has already superseded the position of nature. so the films 20th century context encompassing fears ecological degradation evokes his admonition that rapid technological progression may already have made impossible a possible fall to nature.

Confessions of St.Patrick

Kelvin Kublall Feb, 4/2013 History of Christianity Confessions of St. Patrick St. Patricks story is a quite dramatized one, it speaks more or less the great things he has passed through. St. Patrick was one of the first and most influential missionaries to Ireland, bravely entering this superstitious and violent country to acquire the healing balm of the gospel. Firstly He was born in Great Britain nearing the end of the fourth century. He was the son of Calpornius, who was a deacon and decurion.Patrick was of a noble birth, he was a Roman citizen. At about the near age of 16 he was captured by barbaric Irish pirates and taken to Ireland where he served as a slave tending to the sheep. During his Shepard metre, he was converted to the Lord and then after 6 years, divinity fudge gave him a dream to leave Ireland for his ship awaits. divinity fudge made St. Patrick travel two hundred miles to where idol told him the ship would be and boarded it and set sails back to his homeland in Britain.Now while among his family, he had another dream, this time a voice spoke to him telling him to return to Ireland. During this time an outlined map of Ireland was identified with the timbre of foclut near the western sea. Here a childhood confession he made before he became a deacon returned to haunt him. And later there was many boasting of bringing religion to the Irish. It spoke on how they never knew God and cherished idols. Then in paragraph 42 he baptizes a beautiful Irish princess in Gods name.Then he closes his confessions by saying that those who believe in the faith of God and fear him and do only what is pleasing in His sight will glorify Gods name eternally. For those were his confessions before he died. It seems that the new church leadership did not shargon their predecessors approval of Patricks mission, particularly his emphasis on reaching the lost rather than shepherding the existing flock. The bishops felt Patricks teams were pass too much time with the pagans and not enough time tending to their own spiritual puff up being.Patrick quoted Mathew 28, explaining that Jesus had commanded his disciples to go into all the world and preach the gospel to all creation, baptizing the nations and teaching them to obey everything he had commanded. By most accounts Patricks efforts were successful. By the end of Patricks approximately 30 years of ministry in Ireland, the perform was blossoming and a previously violent, pagan land was becoming much more peaceful and virtuous.Patricks theology also freed him to build a bridge to the Celtic coating by celebrating and emphasizing the aspects of that culture that he found good and righteous. The key to Patricks approach, was his ability to tell the Celtic story demote than the Celts could. He offered them a more complete explanation of their history, showing how it finds its fulfillment in Jesus. Likewise we are today when doing missionary evangelism, we should conduct proper surveys of the population and know our grow before entering. Knowing our roots simply means to be grounded in the faith of Jesus.

“How Should Posco-Ippc Increase Its Footprint in the Automobile Segment?

Business Management IA How should POSCO-IPPC step-up its memorial in the gondola segment? Candidate place Amrit Shah Session no. 002798011 School Symbiosis International School Re face proposal decision maker compact 199 words Word Count 1977 Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge and thank * Mrs.Vaishali Phatak for her support and assistance in helping me with this report * Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya- galvanising trade name Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune for his contri plainlyion to the report and his time for the interview. * Mr. Joseph Joe- political machine nerve Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune- for his contri thoion to the report and his time for the interview. * Mr. Jacy Kim- General Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune- for entirelyowing me to do this report on the union and for providing guidance and help throughout.Executive Summary POSCO-IPPC, a poise distributor for the Korean partnership POSCO go plans about get toing themselves firmly in the Indian stigma Industry given that they be facing consumer riddles from their guests in the Automobile sector. As such this paper analyzes the question, How should POSCO-IPPC increase its footprint in the Automobile segment? Primarily, a look question exaltedlights the rationale, theoretical framework, action plan and systemology employ and thinkable constraints in answering the question.An base enlightens us about the background and basic history related to to the company itself and of relevance to the question. Findings and analysis is written on the basis of primary look for inclusive of multiple interviews conducted with divers(prenominal) managers and secondary research inclusive of mails concerning their expenses e reallyplace the future prospects by the automobile sector manager that acted as a accelerator pedal in evaluating using 2 monetary (capacity utilization and decision tree) and non- financial methods(SWOT & oath).The report mainly focuses on the enigma of defenseless sensible which POSCO-IPPC is currently facing repayable to which they argon non able to meet the change magnitude demand. Based on the research conducted, it is found that POSCO-IPPC has 2 options to overcome this problem. One that it could ask POSCO, Korea to add on them with great raw material and the both(prenominal) otherwisewise that it could ask POSCO, Orissa, a manufacturing unit to make out them with raw material. These options have been evaluated safekeeping in mind the civilises to find out the most feasible option to give a ardent conclusion.Possible solutions atomic number 18 discussed and the conclusion suggests that POSCO-IPPC in order to sustain itself in the Indian stigma merchandise sine qua nons to increase its siding and using the financial and non-financial techniques discussed and the best viab1e option would be to increase its raw material cut from POSCO, Korea. Contents Ackno wledgements2 Executive Summary 3 Research Proposal.. Introduction 8 Procedure/ methodology 9 Main Results and Finding . 10 synopsis/Evaluation 12 Conclusions and Recommendations 16 Bibliography 17 extension 18 Research Proposal Research Question How to increase POSCO-IPPC footprint in the Automobile segment? RationalePOSCO-IPPC, a scattering centre of Koreas POSCO make Company, is a newbie in the Indian Steel merchandiseplace they have a monopoly in the Electric nerve marketplace and they are undergoing problems in the Automobile sector so they should work on capturing much consumers in the Automobile sector so that they are able to stabilize themselves. The research question focuses on the ship merchant shipal POSCO-IPPC should apply to set its footprint in the automobile segment. Theoretical FrameworkMy plan is to utilize both financial and non-financial techniques to evaluate the problems incurred by the management so that they are able to firmly establish themselves in the automobile sector. The report ordain analyse the problems faced, thus it go out try to solve it using the financial techniques of Capacity Utilisation and Decision guide and non-financial techniques of SWOT and chap which will analyse the other problems, opportunities and threats. cay Areas of Syllabus Unit 4 Operations management Decisions * Introducing Operations Management Improving operational capacity Capacity, Scale of merchandise Unit 6 Numerate techniques for business studies * Information for decision making first-string Research * reference with Electronic Steel manager Mr. Sharad Indu Bhattacharya regarding the company history, company experimental condition, market and other universal aspects about the companys working. * query with Automobile Steel manager Mr. Joseph Joe regarding the market stats in Automobile sector, drawbacks, problems and possible implications so as to understand their market in the Automobile sector.Secondary Research * near Information and the list of customers of POSCO-IPPC, Pune, India received through mail from Mr. Joseph. * Other background history of POSCO, Korea used and other facts and figures were taken from the internet. Possible Problems Solutions Managers were non able to understand the true purpose of the interview resulting in precise compact answers. Managers were asked questions in a very narrow perspective which narrowed down to minute details. Responses from the managers were related to only their departments, unable to give a general view. Requested them to get selective information from other managers as tumesce. Small interview with a employee and the employment manager. Limited access to detailed information on the customers and the company as the locations are very far and detail information is confidential. Acknowledged in the conclusion. Financial data was limited to a great extent as it was a new company and Data was up to now not published. Estimates have been ta ken and where estimates could not be taken, it has been described in words. Action Plan appointment Task 18th August, 2008. Talked on phone with Mr.Jacy Kim who agreed to let me do my project on the company. twentieth August, 2008. get out take an question with Mr. Bharat Indu BhattacharyaWill take an interview of Mr. Joseph Joe Research Question formulated. 22nd August, 2008. Planning will be strikee as to the way this essay needs to go about. Introduction and Research Proposal will be written. 30th August, 2008. Data Collection should be done. 5th September, 2009. Main results and findings will be written down based on the information ga in that respectd from Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya and Mr. Joseph Joe over the days. 13th September, 2009. Analysis of the data will be done. 14th September, 2009. Techniques of Capacity Utilization and Decision Tree will be applied. Will make a SWOT and PEST analysis. Analysis to be completed. 15th January, 2009. Recommendati ons written. Appendices made and attached. 16th January, 2009. Executive summary, content page, Action plan Introduction POSCO-India Pune Processing Centre Co. Ltd. , established in August 2006 but started its commercial distribution in 2006, and is a highly recognized by all the major companies of India for its great whole tone of its marque.Although being a newcomer in the Indian Steel Market, it has set its footprint as a Quality and principle based company. POSCO-IPPC is a intertwine centre for the Korean Steel large POSCO Steel Limited which is a spheric producer of crude stain and finished brand goods. POSCO-IPPC snarly an investment of 15 million dollars. It is an independent company of its own as it is a interchangeable enter of POSCO (holding 65% of shares. ) and LG (holding 35% of shares. ) POSCO-IPPC is a process unit which is locally managed. It is a processor-cum-distributor of stain in the electronic and automobile segment.It only plays a small role of sl itting and shearing of the raw material as a processor. Its final payment is 10,000 mensural lots per month with an annual turnover of 320 Crores in the previous financial year. It employs one hundred twenty people as its working staff out of which 60 are employed as paysheet workers and other 60 are in contract. With the import monetary values and duties of vane and being a newbie in the Indian Steel market, it is facing competition from other distributors like ESSAR, TATA STEEL, JINDAL and other Chinese and Russian companies.In the Automobile sector, at that place are umpteen problems created due to its high worth and lack of output compared to that in the electronic steel sector for it holds monopoly in the sector for many of its products. As the management is highly furnish in its factors of production, it is researching on ways to exploit the Automobile market in order to firmly establish itself in the country. Therefore this report focuses on- How should POSCO-IPPC increase its footprint in the Automobile segment? Procedure/Methodology The Initial research included a detailed interview about the company and its standings with Mr.Bhattacharya-Electronic Steel manager. other interview was with the Automobile Steel manager- Mr. Joseph Joe about the Automobile sector inclusive of the discussion over the problem mentioned in the research question. Underlining the major aspects in the interview, the questions focused on POSCO-IPPCs strength, standings in the market, internal and outer(prenominal) factors rentd for and against production (which created the PEST, SWOT analysis and information for the analysis), and financial status and estimations advising financial techniques to be applied ( Capacity utilization and Decision Tree. The secondary research resulted in analyzing of POSCO Steels information and accessing other reports, patience statistics, market information and data via numerous internet sites. This helped in the results and findin gs, in streng thuslying the information available and recommendations and conclusions. It should be noted however, that financial data collected is based upon both actual and estimates, which need further validation. In addition, the validity of this report whitethorn be influenced by the apparent subjectivity of slightly financial data given confidentially issues.Main results and Findings POSCO-IPPC Private Limited is a subsidiary of POSCO, the worlds after part largest steel producer and one of the most competitive steel companies (World Steel Dynamics 2006) whose products are shipped to over 60 countries around the globe. Aside from this unit, POSCO has also invested 12 billion USD in Orissa which is proposed to produce an output of 12 million ton per annum by 2010. Since 1990, more(prenominal) than Rs 19,000 crores (US$ 4470. 58 million) has been invested in the steel industry of India and there is an change magnitude trend in its production. See ikon 1) The auto component sector has also posted of import growth of 20 per cent in 2003-04, to achieve a sales turnover of Rs. 30,640 crore (US$ 6. 7 billion)(See Figure 2). Such opportunities in the automobile sector and the Indian economy can help POSCO-IPPC to establish itself firmly. In terms of current market position, POSCO-IPPC brands itself as a leading provider of electric steel in some of the areas in India for not many of the companies have explored the electric steel market.Being a newcomer, it plans to go the automobile steel market, where it still hasnt managed to set its foot firmly. The company is based upon certain policies and factors which many of the customers are unable to comply with. POSCO is a global player and it supplies and manufactures steel all over the world. It exports steel from South Korea at an international price which is comparatively high in Indian currency so this difference between the prices, leads to a high price charged by the company.Due to the high price, POSCO firm to put a special(a) price (Rs 49000-cold rolled steel) to fit in the market but in exchange for lower supply of steel so this reduces the supply power of POSCO-IPPC. POSCO-IPPC is only a distribution centre and does not manufacture. It is a market-oriented firm and follows the concept of mass customization for it creates the output maintaining to different customers need. It slits and shears steel depending upon the customers want. Its main customers are Crompton, LG and Suzlon in the electrics sector and Tata and Bajaj in the automobile sector.It uses batch production to produce an output of 10,000 careful wads per year where 1. 5% of the raw-material is wasted in slitting and shearing. The demand for their steel is a lot higher than their output and their capacity is also higher (35,000 metric lots/year) but the lack of raw-material limits them, due to the special price-low supply factor. Instead of creating more output, their machines are doing line of reasoning work fo r other competitors like JINDAL, ESSAR, etc. of 5000 metric tons monthly. Highlighting the difficulty suffered in the case of TATA MOTORS Pvt.Limited come up Requirement of TATA 30,000 (Demand going up by 7-10% annually) TATAs demand from POSCO (for high woodland steel) 5000-7000 POSCO-IPPCs tot to TATA 2000-2500 (Rest to be supplied to other customers. ) POSCO-IPPCs algid Rolled Steel Price at the market Rs. 53-55000 TATAs pay price to POSCO Rs. 48000 (All figures are in metric tons/month) Analysis/Evaluation The evaluation of different problems which cause hindrances in trade with other companies will be done with the help of certain financial and non-financial techniques. Financial AnalysisI. Capacity Utilization With the purpose of utilizing its capital to the fullest, POSCO-IPPC has two pathways in order to supply more in the steel market and set its foot strongly a) acquiring more raw-materials from POSCO, Korea. b) acquire of raw-material from POSCO manufacturing unit at Orissa, India. Thus, we will analyze the present scenario of capacity utilization in compared with the two options mentioned above. amaze Capacity Utilization scenario The capital utilization is calculated in percentage and the formulae used for it is given at a lower place Output level best capacity? 00 Current Output one C00 metric tons/ month. Maximum Capacity 11250 metric tons/ month. Capacity Utilization = 1000011250? 100 = 88. 89% Option a) acquiring more raw-materials from POSCO, Korea Estimated output 11250 metric tons/ month Maximum capacity 11250 metric tons/ month Capacity Utilization = 1125011250? 100 = 100% Option b) Purchasing of raw-material from POSCO manufacturing come apart at Orissa in India Estimated Output 11250 metric tons/ month Maximum Capacity 11250 metric tons/ month Capacity Utilization = 1125011250? 100 = 100% II. Decision TreeUtilizing this approach for both the options and other decisions to be made by the company are evaluated and financia lly possible decisions are suggested. (Figure 1) (All money values are in Indian Rupees) Key Decision square outlook node Calculations (611. 105mn ? 0. 6) + (466. 07mn ? 0. 4) 500mn = 53. 091mn INR (572. 88 ? 0. 3) + (491. 04 ? 0. 7) 500mn = 15. 592mn INR Non-financial analysis India has gone through a considerable change in the production and consumption of Steel in the past 10 geezerhood.Driven a booming economy and co-occurrence demand levels, consumption of steel has grown by 12. 5 per cent during the last three years it has been forecast that the apparent steel use point in India will increase by 11. 8 per cent in 2008. POSCO-IPPC has great opportunities to set their foot firmly in the Automobile sector. The POSCO steel vegetation is Indias single largest foreign investment project ever. For its part, the Indian government is eager to boost its steel production and attract more foreign investment through such a lucrative partnership. hardly it also may lead to limiting of foreign ownership and application of protectionism to prevent foreign investment from exceeding its levels. Technology level in POSCO-IPPC is of high standards and helps them with maintaining the quality. The machines brought in are imported but India is a evolution county and it has certain problems of electricity which results in regular power-cuts causing hindrances in processing of steel. These load-shedding periods are a great deal covered by the use of generators but these generators prove to be expensive.The steel being imported is alter by any change in the foreign exchange policies and any government/fiscal policies which may affect them. POSCO-IPPC being a new-comer may feel threatened by the presence of multi-national companies as it leads to great competition and more exploitation of resources. Conclusions and Recommendations Available managements perception on the opportunities to establish themselves in the Steel Industry, it does appear that the management shou ld research this further by the help of a market research and research on all of the customer needs.Analysing the written report on the basis of the data supplied, it appears that POSCO-IPPCs only hindrance is its limitation of supply which if solved will solve many of their other problems. apply Capacity Utilisation and Decision tree, it was understood that if maximal capacity utilisation takes place, it will reduce the price increase the output increasing the output will lead to long term relationships with the customers it will involve maximum utilisation of resources. Maximum capacity utilisation is only possible with the increase in output which can be only done by increase in the supply of steel.There had been two options discussed with the help of decision tree to look for the best and cheapest way to increase the supply by deciding upon the source. The analysis showed that purchasing from POSCO, Korea at the special price is more profitable (53. 091mn INR) but this is only possible if POSCO, Korea agrees to supply them at the special price. The second possible option was from purchasing steel from the other branch of POSCO at Orissa, India but this would prove less profitable (15. 592mn INR) as they would sell it at the selling price in order to save their acquire.Other factors which tend to support POSCO-IPPC to set its foot in the Automobile sector include in the non-financial analysis growing Indian economy and its Steel Industry establishment support Great Quality Steel modern technology used with strict disciplinary issues which makes them a good supplier. Recommendations As such, my recommendations would be * Undertake further research in terms of specific of customer requirements and problems, by performing a market research and research on the clients, as many of my findings are generic to the companys knowledge. More accurately determine the precise nature of the costs and profits upon purchasing steel from the sources analyzed in the wri tten report. * Embark upon extensive research as to search other ways to increase the output and also request POSCO, Korea to supply more at the special price. However, my analysis is limited it does not cover all the aspects of this topic due to the restraints of the data supplied. The research was not more extensive because the unit was far away and many meetings were not possible with the officials as this would lop off in their work .With only two personnel interviewed, a wider perspective from other departments must also be obtained . The report is a reference material, the research can be more extensive and becoming results can be achieved if access to more data was possible. The Report is still in progress there are many issues which need to be solved which can be done with the help of the recommendations and more access. Bibliography Books AS Level and A level Business Studies, Peter Simpson, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002, Websites http//www. stratfor. com/an alysis/india_poscos_steel_investment_challenge Steel, India Brand Equity Fund, http//www. bef. org/industry/steel. aspx India Steel Industry, Economy Watch, http//www. economywatch. com/india-steel-industry/ India Automobile Industry, Economy Watch, http//www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. hypertext mark-up language Corporate overview, POSCO-INDIA, http//posco-india. com/website/company/corporate-overview. htm APPENDIX * Appendix 1 interrogate Transcript with Mr. Bharat Indu BhattaCharya * Appendix 1 Interview Transcript with Mr. Joseph Joe * Appendix 3 SWOT Analysis * Appendix 4 PEST Analysis * Appendix 5 Graphs * Appendix 6 brand from Mr. Joseph Joe Appendix 1 Interview Transcript with Mr.Bharat Indu Bhatta Charya, Electric Steel Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune 1) life-threatening Afternoon, Could you disport enlighten us about your company? * Good Afternoon, POSCO-IPPC stands for POSCO India Pune Processing Unit. We are situated in the Talegaon Horticulture and Industrial Park in the dist. Of Pune. POSCO-IPPC is a coil centre as cognise by its parent company POSCO, which is a steel manufacturer giant in South Korea. It is the fourth largest producer of steel in the world and its distributors and manufacturing units are spread all over the world.From the start of this company to the present date, POSCO has led to massive advancements in the socio-economic status of South Korea. Coming back to POSCOs investment in India, this is POSCOs third investment, the other two being in Delhi and Orissa. Although POSCO is POSCO-IPPCs main investor but it is an independent company which is locally managed. POSCO entering in a new market planned to establish this processing unit as a joint venture with LG International, where POSCO has 65% of shares and LG international owns the rest 35%.A total 15 million $ was invested in this project and it commercial processing started in 2006. 2) Can you emphasize more on your comm ercial processing and the working of this unit? * POSCO-IPPC processes the raw material which comes from POSCO, South Korea and distributes it to the customers. By processing, we mean the steel which comes from POSCO is slatted and sheared harmonize to the customers need. We receive our steel in the form of coils, this is one reason for our being known as coil centre, then the coil is put in a machine which slits and shears it based on the dimensions set.This is then packed and sent to the respective customers. Our major customers are Crompton, LG, Suzlon, TATA and Bajaj. Our company produces output for electric steel as well as automobile steel. Although in the electric steel market, we hold a monopoly but in automobile, we are yet to expand our approach. These are the different types of steel we produce Electric Steel * CRGNO- Cold Rolled Grain Oriented Steel * CRNO- Cold Rolled Non-Grained Steel Automobile Steel * HR PO- Hot Rolled and Pickled Oiled Steel Cold Rolled Steel * St ainless Steel White Goods * Electro-Galvanised Steel We have 120 people as staff, out of which 60 are on payroll and 60 are on contract. We follow the batch production for our processing unit. Our output is 10,000 metric tons / month with an annual turnover of 320 Crores as of last year. The raw material which comes to us, we add a value addition of 10% and sell it in the market. Our capacity to produce is 135,000 metric tons per annum where as its output is low because of the lack of raw material so the capacity utilization is not up to the mark.So to involve our other machinery, we do job work for other companies of 5000 metric tons. 3) Can you please tell me about the managers of this company? * The managers at all the leading posts in the company are all from South Korea and they have been assigned by POSCO for a fixed period of years for a gross(a) start in the Indian Steel market. These are very experienced and are strict pursual of discipline and quality. The work at POSCO- IPPC is efficient and advancing due to these managers. These are * Gil Ho Bang Managing director Jongyeol Her General Manager * Jung Chule Kim General Manager * Woon Tae Jung General Manager 4) Can you please tell us about the difficulties you are facing as a new company in the Indian Steel market? * We have a monopoly many in the market for Electric steel so we dont have any problems in that sector but in the automobile sector, our competitors are well established and they have a far greater market share than POSCO-IPPC in the market so it creates pressure on us to create our product better than theirs to stay in the market.Our competitors TATA STEEL, JINDAL, ESSAR, ISPAT and other Chinese and Russian companies. The two main difficulties which our company is facing are * There has been a Star range which the Indian governing body has started on the electric appliances. This effect of BAE Star Rating on the consumption of Electric Steel. * The Automobile sector in India is bo oming and has a lot of scope so POSCO-IPPC is trying to increase its footprint in the Automobile steel segment. There is a lot of demand for POSCOs quality steel in the Automobile sector. 5) What is your SWOT? SWOT Strength * Any downfalls can be support by POSCO-Distribution of quality steel Inherits a quality name in the market from POSCO- Maintains strict disciplinary levels- Market leader in Electric Steel- Demand for its quality steel in the Automobile sector-Machinery is very advanced and the labour employed are few but skilled. Weaknesses * Not enough raw materials-Is not yet able to firm its stand in the Steel market-The high price of their product due to the currency of Korea being more powerful Language/ Cultural gap between India and Korea. Opportunities To increase its output and meet the high demand Lack of high quality steel in the Automobile market gives them a big opportunity India encouraging foreign investments- Increasing International trade between the countr ies- consider of high economic and the countrys economy gradually increasing- Special Reduced Price for the steel. Threats * Price of the raw material is highly dependent on the foreign exchange POSCO holding a small share in the market is comparatively smaller than its multi-national counterseparate -Low output due to lack of raw materials which may result in the loss of customers and a long term relationship.Appendix 2 Interview Transcript with Mr. Joseph Joe, Automobile Steel Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune 1) Good Afternoon, What can you tell me about POSCO-IPPC in relevance to the Automobile market? Good Afternoon, POSCO-IPPC is a subsidiary of POSCO which as you know is a global producer and distributor of high quality steel. So as its parent company, POSCO-IPPC is also known for its high quality in the Indian Steel market.Automobile Company requires high quality steel for the chassis parts of the automobile, usually such parts are imported or substitute qual ity steel is bought so due to the lack of high quality steel producers in India, there is a lot of demand for the emerging POSCO-IPPCs Steel. though POSCO-IPPC has so many opportunities to set itself firmly in the market, it has many hindrances preventing it from doing so. 2) Can you pleases talk about the hindrances in little more detail? * There are many factors which sum up to conclude as a hindrance for POSCO-IPPC.The major ones are * High cost of POSCO-IPPCs Steel leads to a hopelessness to the Indian customers. * POSCO-IPPC is looking for big customers so they are able to establish themselves by directly targeting at the higher end. * POSCO-IPPC is strict in its payment dates which are not favoured by all its customers for they need a margin to settle their accounts. * Although the main problem is the lack of raw material from POSCO. Due to the Special price-low supply condition between POSCO and POSCO-IPPC, there is low supply of raw materials.The demand is high for POSCO-IP PCs steel but due to low output, it cannot adhere to every customers needs. POSCO-IPPC is capable to produce more output than its current production but due to the lack of raw material, it has to restrain itself and do job production. * POSCO-IPPCs customers expect a same price and supply security measure for three months which is not possible for POSCO-IPPC as it imports its raw material and it is subject to foreign exchange policies and other government policies which affects its price.The supply surety cannot be given due to lack of supply of raw material. * Also the defaulting of POSCO-IPPCs price and dicker to pay less price by the customers is discouraging POSCO-IPPC to expand itself so quickly as they are losing on their profits. * But overall, the lack of raw material is a big issue and solving that issue can solve many other problems related and in the course of time, brisk movements of trade will solve other problems too. 3) What can you tell about the special price-low s upply condition? POSCO is a global player and it distributes its steel at a common international price (Rs 59000) to the world but as that rate is very high in terms of Indian currency, it would not settle down in the Indian market so in order to satisfy its Indian customers, it reduced the price and this is known as special price (Rs 45000). But as POSCO reduced the rate for POSCO-IPPC, it only did this for a condition and this condition was that POSCO-IPPC will receive only a limited supply from POSCO, Korea. ) Since TATA is one of your major customers in the automobile segment, can you please put light on the companys relationship with TATA? * Sure, TATA Motors is a major customer of ours and there is a considerable amount of dealings with TATA. Tata itself produces steel but is partially dependent on POSCO-IPPC for high quality steel for the chassis of their automobiles. They need good quality for the outer body of the car for it to be firm and more attractive for which they tak e the support of POSCO-IPPC.Tata requires 30,000 metric tons/month and the demand is going up by 7-10% / year. Tata demands 5000-7000 metric tons/month from POSCO-IPPC but it can only supply 2000-2500 metric tons/month to TATA for out of its total output, it also needs to supply to other customers in order to remain in the market and also to stabilize it. The customers in the market are also asking for POSCO-IPPCs steel like General Motors, Volkswagen and Fiat. For which TATA has supported POSCO-IPPC in direct a petition to POSCO to supply more steel.POSCO-IPPC distributes cold rolled steel in the open market at Rs 53-55000 the price keeps on fluctuating, whereas TATA gets it at Rs 48,000 (maximum. ) Thus, such factors are creating hindrances in transaction between TATA and POSCO-IPPC. 5) What is your PEST? * PEST POLITICAL & LEGAL * Central Government encourages the foreign investment- Change in the central Government may result in change in different trade policies Indian Econom y has shown comparatively high levels of development, stability and potential growth. -Korea having a high level of percentage of investment in the Indian marketEconomical * Indian Economy is booming-Growth in its GDP and economic growth-Fluctuations in the exchange rank -Social ties and contacts between India and China is increasing-Expansion of a basic industry is always favoured- Company also gives importance to maximum exploitation of resources. Social * Opened a school for the children of its workers- Helped to develop the village Talegaon -Increase in the capacity of the unit, there will be more employment in the area-Adapt the Indian Culture-It believes in job satisfaction and pauperization of its staffTechnical * POSCO-IPPC uses advance technology to process its raw material-High dependency on technology-India is a developing country where there is a great problem with electricity so load shedding takes place-Alternative method to use generators during the time of load she dding proves expensive-Supply of diesel in such large quality proves to be a negative factor. Appendix 3 POSCO-IPPC SWOT Analysis Appendix 5 Graphs Figure 1 Figure 2 Appendix 6 Mail from Joseph Joe This was a mail from Mr.Joseph Joe giving out some information. Investment 500 mn INR Probability Difference Source Company Cost Price/ metric ton Selling Price/ metric ton Quantity Purchased and sold Total Revenue 0. 6 Special Price POSCO, Korea Rs 45000 Rs 55000 11111 611. 105 mn INR 0. 4 No Special Price POSCO, Korea Rs 59000 Rs 55000 8474 466. 07 mn INR 0. 3 Wihtout O. H. E POSCO, Orissa Rs 48,000 Rs 55000 10416 572. 88 mn INR 0. With O. H. E POSCO, Orissa Rs 56000 Rs 55000 8928 491. 04 mn INR 2 . Refer to Appendix 1 Interview with Mr. Bhattacharya 3 . Refer to Appendix 1 Interview with Mr. Bhattacharya 4 . Refer to Appendix 1 Interview with Mr. Bhattacharya 5 . POSCO-INDIA, corporate overview, http//posco-india. com/we bsite/company/corporate-overview. htm. (20th September, 2008. ) 6 . Refer to Appendix 5- Graphs 7 . Economy Watch, India Steel Industry, http//www. conomywatch. com/india-steel-industry/, (20th September, 2008. ) 8 . Economy Watch, India Automobile Industry, http//www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. html, (23rd September, 2008. ) 9 . Refer to Appendix 5- Graphs 10 . Refer to Appendix 2 Interview with Mr. Joseph Joe 11 . Refer to Appendix 1 Interview with Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya 12 . Refer to Appendix 2 Interview with Mr. Joseph Joe 13 . Refer to Appendix 1 Interview with Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya 14 .Refer to Appendix 6 Mail received from Mr. Joseph Joe 15 . India Brand Equity Fund, Steel, http//www. ibef. org/industry/steel. aspx (3rd August, 2008. ) 16 . SWOT Analysis 17 . PEST Analysis 18 . http//www. stratfor. com/analysis/india_poscos_steel_investment_challenge 19 . PEST Analysis 20 . SWOT Analysis 21 . PEST Analysis 22 . SWOT Analysis 23 . PEST Analysis 24 . http//www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/steel-industry. html 25 . http//www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. html