Autoclave Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Autoclave - Essay Example The relationship between temperature and pressure is a directly proportional one. In chemistry when the pressure of a gas rises, the temperature of the gas increase correspondingly too. With this principle in mind steam is a gas used in the autoclave chamber. Increasing its pressure in a closed system will lead to increase in temperature. At higher temperatures water molecules of the steam become more invigorated. At this vigorous speed the molecule’s penetration escalates. This principle proves to be advantageous because it reduces the time taken by the things in the autoclave to sterilize (Hussain, 2009). As mentioned above dry heat and moist heat can both provide sterilization but they differ in some manners. Dry heat accounts on oxidizing molecule for its action. Dry heat’s mechanism of action is slower than moist heat. Dry heat penetrates walls of substances much slower than moist heat. Dry heat is used in sterilizing glass products, oils and powders. Due to its slow mechanism of action sterilization by dry heat is done at 171 degrees centigrade for 1 hour and the time may increase depending on volume. Dry heat may also be used in the shape of an open flame used to sterilize inoculating loops, mouths of pipettes and culture tubes. On the other hand moist heat destroys organisms by the denaturing proteins and also by disrupting the membrane of lipids. Moist heat is favored because of its penetration powers. It is known that the most resistant spores require a temperature of 121Â °C for around half an hour to denature. Hence moist heat application is more effective compared to dry heat sterilization. This can also be proven by the fact that moist heat, sterilization can be completed at lower temperatures in lesser time. Culture media, flammable and heat-sensitive items, liquids and dense loads can be sterilized by moist heat (Black,

Personal Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Change - Essay Example Personal leadership principles for rest of the life would entail honest working, humble approach, dedication and devotion, and fair dealings without any compromise on the matter and subject of leadership and the given task at hand. What personal growth and insight have u developed for yourself by attending this class? How are they meaningful? The class experience allowed for better understanding of the concept of leadership. The various tests, the handling of the unforeseen situations. The class environment allowed me to work on the areas where I lacked behind, and explore the new dimensions such as that of the authentic leadership. Further growth was seen in form of comprehending the situation and foreseeing the future and creating a strategy adaptive to the circumstances. The leadership tasks and programs allowed for clear expression of ideas, and potential contained inside and enabled personality development with regard to the leadership and individual Your experience as a leader. Example from class or elsewhere. My experience of leadership constitutes both in the class environment as well as the life outside it. ... The class leadership allowed me to know how to take along the group members, how to keep them together in a coherent manner and make the best use of their resources and abilities. The early life orientation towards a more societal sphere of life and activities enabled me understanding the concept of leadership since each individual has to be a leader in his own life. Various other daily routine activities and handling of small events and issues serve as example of leadership which speaks of the will, skill ability and determination towards becoming an effective leader and helping the overall project at hand. What changes did u initiate in yourself and what was the effect of your leadership on the outcome? Leadership is a continuously learning and improving process. My journey was no different and I had to make certain changes and adjustments with time. This included overcoming the short comings, reflecting on what I had done in recent pasts and then compared those activities with the desired outputs and through reflections made an effort to perform better in the nearly same endeavors in the future. Various activities in the class provided an opportunity to reflect on various areas. The meditation process was one of them, and the subsequent group discussion. Introducing the feedback concept and making it part of the overall leadership process made the task easier and effective. I re crafted my skills and the working mechanism with aim of further improvement and affectivity focusing on better results from the undertaken activity. How did u impact the team (positively or negatively)? My impact on the team was a positive one, since I incorporated the authentic leadership style and pattern and also made use of the adaptive techniques of management and

Analyzing Othello Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyzing Othello - Essay Example Lago was careful enough to burn the match on both ends. He had taken both Othello and Cassio into complete confidence. He knew Othello was aware of his real battle skills and earned Cassio’s sincerity by offering him handkerchief. Lago very carefully made Othello feel that Cassio had conducted adultery with Desdemona. In such circumstances, whatever Desdemona had to say in her defense would not matter. Lago’s strategy was too wisely constructed and carefully practiced for Othello to escape. Therefore, it is irrational to call Othello unjust in his display of haste and violence towards Desdemona. On the other hand, Othello also did not trust whatever Lago told him unless he had a solid proof for that. Othello had been very angry with Lago for having uttered humiliating and disdainful remarks about his wife when Lago accused Desdemona to have made love with Cassio. Othello’s rage can be estimated from the fact that he had warned Lago that he would kill him if he di d not provide Othello with a solid proof about Desdemona and Cassio’s relationship. When Lago remained successful in providing Othello with a solid proof of his assertion, Othello can not be blamed for not having suspected Lago instead of Cassio. Works cited: Shakespear, William. Othello, the moor of Venice: A tragedy. London: J. Tonson. 1743, Print.

Should overweight passengers be charged for two seats when flying Essay

Should overweight passengers be charged for two seats when flying - Essay Example This is already happening in the United States. The argument is raised since this is discrimination against passengers with obesity. To be charged by the kilo is quite embarrassing for somebody with twenty kilograms above the limit. If an individual is 20kg above the limit and is a regular flyer, they will actually suffer both emotionally and financially. Having to meet the fat tax expenses will be rather embarrassing (Sullivan 6). The majority of obesity and health organizations are supporting this suggestion claiming that it is only fair since the airline will need to carry extra weight. A number of airlines as an alternative make passengers who can not fit into one seat pay for two seats, for twice the cost of the journey (Appleton). Those who require extra seatbelt extension will have to buy a new an update or purchase an extra seat. America has for a long time taxed and charged to discourage some manners. Taxes in cigarettes are increasing, taxes in liquor are rising in various states, seatbelts are now mandatory by law and some particular areas are currently charging obese workers more for health insurance. For better or worse, the tendency to transform behavior through economics is upon us. As medical expenses rises the debate over charging for obesity is indeed only going to grow. Airlines are too increasingly subject to customer grievances and even losing court cases over travelers being injured by fellow obese passengers. Using two seats uses twice the fuel. This actually sounds nice even though this may not be true. The space which a passenger takes does not affect the amount of fuel used but the weight may affect (Appleton). It sounds good even if it is not actually true. The space you take does not impact on fuel, the weight does. The question arises as to whether a weight lifter weighing more and has more mass of muscles must also be charged more. This could be just a technique used by the airlines to get more money from the passengers. There are writings seen in one of the American airlines. It said something to the effect that if you can not fit into the seat, you will have to pay for a second seat and that if the seats are not fully occupied; you will only pay a child's fare on the second seat (Kate) There are some necessities regarding the seat being a window seat or something of that sort. The airlines prerequisite is that if an individual can not fit in the seat without hanging over the arm rest then he will be charged twice and it sounded like a fair rule. The airline companies should come up with a practical means of determining who is overweight and who is not. It is even better to argue that an individual is overweight due to medical reasons other than the notion that one is lazy and overweight. The airlines must not be forced to give an individual a free extra seat since he or she can not fit in one. The person has to pay for his or her seat, likewise to overweight individuals. That is prejudice and another effort by the airlines to make more money. The airline seats are actually too small period. Tall individuals, overweight individuals and skinny individuals are all not comfortable in a flight. The airlines in their effort once more to make more money squeezed in as many seats as possible at the expense of comfort of passengers. People complain that they don not want to sit next to an overweight passenger as a trick to get bumped

Terrorism and Its Indirect Victims Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Terrorism and Its Indirect Victims - Essay Example Of course, we can't forget the many police, firefighters, and other people on the streets who were buried in rubble or hit with falling bricks or other types of debris. All of these describe the direct victims are a terrorist attack, those who were killed or maimed. In the bombing of the Oklahoma City Federal Building, we find many direct victims as well, though these numbers were nowhere near the thousands who lost their lives when the two planes crashed into the World Trade Center Twin Towers. It is not difficult to understand and visualize these victims and what the direct effect was on them from these attacks. These are the direct victims; those who suffered death or severe injury from a terrorist attack. On the other end of the scope, there are the indirect victims. Who or what are these indirect victims The first one that comes to mind for anyone is the families of the direct victims: wives, children, parents, other relatives, and friends. These are the ones who suffer, being without a loved one on which they depended either emotionally or financially. Additionally, according to a review published October 4, 2001 by InView (http://www.newss.ksu.edu/WEB/News/InView/100401terrorism.html), the psychological effects of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center will last for quite a long time. "There will be a lot of people who will suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. We saw it with the Oklahoma City bombing and those who were in Vietnam," Rappoport said. "Some people will not recover too well and the emotional damage will be permanent (Paragraph 5)." The indirect effects of terrorism can often be worse than the direct effects, The victim, if he or she survives, recovers from the physical injuries, but the emotional damage, a indirect result of the attack, is likely to continue for many years. For those victims who have lost their lives, as the many during the attacks on the World Trade Center, the psychological damage to their loved ones will continue for many years to come. The loved ones are going to have to continue without the presence of the person who was directly affected by the terrorist attack, and that is going to be a difficult task to accomplish. For the wives and children, the effects will be more long term because suddenly one woman must become both mother and father when her psychological well-being is not at its highest peak. The hardest part is that it's not going to go away like it does during an auto accident; these are events the family and children will face on a daily basis. It is likely that both the Oklaho ma City Bombings and the attacks on the World Trade Center are events that later generations will be reading in their Social Studies and History classes. What about the terrorists Can we classify them as victims as well Certainly, they are responsible for a horrendous act of violence, but at the same time, it may not always be of their own free will. An article from the April 2005 ChronWatch and published on the Internet (http://www.newss.ksu.edu/WEB/News/InView/100401terrorism.html, "Why Good Muslims Become Terrorists") explains the effect that a belief in Islam has on its people. These excerpts from the original article written by Ali Sina explains that it is not the Muslims

Pharmacology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pharmacology - Assignment Example Here, they are absorbed into the blood through the epithelial cells and into the blood stream. From the bloodstream, they may enter the tissue fluid and then into the cell where they are metabolized and converted into active form. During this process, the drugs encounter several obstacles in their path that they have to overcome. They occur at almost every stage of the process from administering to action at the target sites. The main barriers are the cell plasma membrane, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, blood capillaries, glomerular membrane, capillaries and renal tubules among others. The plasma membrane is a lipid barrier. It only allows passage of lipophilic molecules and hydrophilic molecules, like water, into the cell. It is partially permeable to larger molecules such as larger lipophilic ones. The intestine is the main site for absorption be it drugs or food. The gastrointestinal epithelium also acts as great barrier to the movement of drugs. This layer is a single cell thick. These cells are closely packed together making it difficult to for drugs to move from the intestines into the blood stream. The layer is covered with a mucosal membrane which bars the movement and absorption of the drug. The drug has to go through two plasma membranes to get to the bloodstream. In the bloodstream, the drug is transported to various tissues where the vascular endothelium must be overcome for the drug to enter the tissue. The cells may so closely packed together that they impede the passage of large drug molecules into the tissue fluid. A good example of vessels with tightly packed epithelial cells is the capillaries at the central nervous system. The endothelial cells may also be loosely packed making it easy for the body to eliminate the drug. The spleen has ‘leaky’ epithelial lining. There is also the capillary membrane that is very selective of the size of molecules that go through. They allow movement of both polar and non-polar molecules. Thi s is useful in the kidney during elimination of drug and waste products that are polar. The kidney is a site for drug elimination as well as re-absorption. Due to the nature of its membrane, only non-ionized and lipid compounds get reabsorbed (columbia.edu). The method of transportation also affects drug activity. Methods such as active transport require a lot of energy to perform, therefore, delaying the time of action of the drug. There could be delays in the time taken for the stomach to empty its contents into the ileum, thus, postponing absorption. Intestinal motility is also crucial when bringing the drug into contact with the cells of the epithelium for absorption. The duration of contact between the cells the drug should be adequate to promote absorption. For absorption to be successful, the flow of blood should be high for maximum absorption. Blood determines the diffusion gradient. Other factors that affect the rate of drug absorption include: the food we eat, the pH of th e gastrointestinal environment, age and state of health (Washington et.al, 2000). Question 2 The half life of a drug is the time it takes to for a drug to move from full pharmacological, physiological and radioactive potency to half. This information is useful to the nurse in that is informs him or her that the drug might not be as effective. The nurse should therefore request fro the replacement of the drug with a potent one. This will ensure a patient receives proper treatment using active drugs.

Terrorism and Its Indirect Victims Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Terrorism and Its Indirect Victims - Essay Example Of course, we can't forget the many police, firefighters, and other people on the streets who were buried in rubble or hit with falling bricks or other types of debris. All of these describe the direct victims are a terrorist attack, those who were killed or maimed. In the bombing of the Oklahoma City Federal Building, we find many direct victims as well, though these numbers were nowhere near the thousands who lost their lives when the two planes crashed into the World Trade Center Twin Towers. It is not difficult to understand and visualize these victims and what the direct effect was on them from these attacks. These are the direct victims; those who suffered death or severe injury from a terrorist attack. On the other end of the scope, there are the indirect victims. Who or what are these indirect victims The first one that comes to mind for anyone is the families of the direct victims: wives, children, parents, other relatives, and friends. These are the ones who suffer, being without a loved one on which they depended either emotionally or financially. Additionally, according to a review published October 4, 2001 by InView (http://www.newss.ksu.edu/WEB/News/InView/100401terrorism.html), the psychological effects of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center will last for quite a long time. "There will be a lot of people who will suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. We saw it with the Oklahoma City bombing and those who were in Vietnam," Rappoport said. "Some people will not recover too well and the emotional damage will be permanent (Paragraph 5)." The indirect effects of terrorism can often be worse than the direct effects, The victim, if he or she survives, recovers from the physical injuries, but the emotional damage, a indirect result of the attack, is likely to continue for many years. For those victims who have lost their lives, as the many during the attacks on the World Trade Center, the psychological damage to their loved ones will continue for many years to come. The loved ones are going to have to continue without the presence of the person who was directly affected by the terrorist attack, and that is going to be a difficult task to accomplish. For the wives and children, the effects will be more long term because suddenly one woman must become both mother and father when her psychological well-being is not at its highest peak. The hardest part is that it's not going to go away like it does during an auto accident; these are events the family and children will face on a daily basis. It is likely that both the Oklaho ma City Bombings and the attacks on the World Trade Center are events that later generations will be reading in their Social Studies and History classes. What about the terrorists Can we classify them as victims as well Certainly, they are responsible for a horrendous act of violence, but at the same time, it may not always be of their own free will. An article from the April 2005 ChronWatch and published on the Internet (http://www.newss.ksu.edu/WEB/News/InView/100401terrorism.html, "Why Good Muslims Become Terrorists") explains the effect that a belief in Islam has on its people. These excerpts from the original article written by Ali Sina explains that it is not the Muslims